Stuttering

ix
Preface?v
Acknowledgments?vii
Sec tion I Nature of Stuttering
1. Introduction to Stuttering 3
Perspective 4
Overview of the Disorder 6
Definitions?7
The Human Face of Stuttering?13
Basic Facts about Stuttering and Their
Implications for the Nature of Stuttering?13
2. Primary Etiological Factors
in Stuttering 26
What Do We Know About Constitutional Factors
in Stuttering??27
Hereditary Factors?28
Congenital and Early Childhood Trauma
Studies?37
Brain Function and Structure?39
3. Sensorimotor, Language, and Emotional
Factors in Stuttering 53
Sensorimotor Factors?54
Language Factors?63
Emotional Factors?65
4. Developmental and Environmental Factors
in Stuttering 73
Developmental Factors?76
Environmental Factors?89
5. Learning and Unlearning 99
Learning?100
Unlearning?108
6. Theories About Stuttering 114
Theoretical Perspectives About Constitutional
Factors in Stuttering?117
Theoretical Perspectives on Developmental and
Environmental Factors?127
Integration of Perspectives on Stuttering?130
7. Typical Disfluency and the Development of
Stuttering 143
Overview?145
Typical Disfluency?147
Younger Preschool Children: Borderline
Stuttering?152
Older Preschool Children: Beginning
Stuttering?155
School-Age Children: Intermediate
Stuttering?159
Older Teens and Adults: Advanced
Stuttering?163
8. Atypical Disfluency 171
Overview?172
Acquired Neurogenic Stuttering?172
Stuttering as a Result of Stress and Injuries While
in the Military?174
Functional (Previously Termed “Psychogenic”)
Stuttering?175
Malingering?177
Cluttering?179
Contentsx Contents
Sec tion II Assessment of Stuttering
9. Preliminaries to Assessment 185
The Client’s Needs?187
Insurance Considerations?188
Clients’ Right to Privacy?189
Multicultural and Multilingual Considerations?190
The Clinician’s Expertise?194
Assessing Stuttering Behavior?194
Assessing Speech Naturalness?203
Assessing Speaking and Reading Rate?205
Using FluencyBank to Assess Stuttering
Behaviors?206
Assessing Feelings and Attitudes?206
10. Assessment of Preschool Children Who
Stutter 209
Steps in Assessment of Preschool Children Who
Stutter?210
11. Assessment of School Age Children,
Adolescents, and Adults Who Stutter 236
School-Age Children?237
Adolescent?252
Adult?264
Sec tion III Treatment of Stuttering
12. Preliminaries to Treatment 277
Clinician’s Attributes?278
Clinician’s Beliefs?281
Treatment Goals?282
Therapy Procedures?286
13. Treatment of Younger Preschool Children:
Borderline Stuttering 295
An Integrated Approach?296
Other Approaches?305
14. Treatment of Older Preschool Children:
Beginning Stuttering 312
An Integrated Approach?313
Another Clinician’s Approach: Sheryl
Gottwald?326
Treatment of Concomitant Speech and Language
Problems?328
15. Treatment of School-Age Children:
Intermediate Stuttering 333
An Integrated Approach?334
Approaches of Other Clinicians?357
Treatment of Stuttering Accompanied by
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD)?359
Treatment of Stuttering Accompanied by
Autism?360
16. Treatment of Adolescents:
Advanced Stuttering 364
Introduction?365
Background on Adolescence?366
Setting the Tone for Therapy?366
Stuttering With Greater Ease?368
Developing Healthier Thoughts and Feelings
About Stuttering?371
Reducing Avoidance of Sounds, Words, and
Situations?377
17. Treatment of Adults: Advanced
Stuttering 381
An Integrated Approach?383
Other Approaches?399
18. Treatment of Atypical
Fluency Disorders 404
Introduction?405
Acquired Neurogenic Stuttering?405
Functional (Psychogenic) Acquired
Stuttering?409
Malingering?412
Cluttering?413
Bibliography?421
Author Index?449
Subject Index?457