Anesthesiologist's Manual of Surgical Procedures

xvii
CONTENTS
Contributing Authors v
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvi
1.0 NEUROSURGERY 1
1.1 Intracranial Neurosurgery 3
Surgeon S Gary K. Steinberg, Robert L. Dodd, Navjot Chaudhary, Lawrence M. Shuer,
Steven D. Chang
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Richard A. Jaffe, Mark A. Burbridge
Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms 4
Craniotomy for Cerebral Embolectomy 17
Craniotomy for Intracranial Vascular Malformations 20
Craniotomy for Extracranial-Intracranial Revascularization (EC-IC Bypass) 26
Craniotomy for Tumor 33
Considerations for Awake Craniotomy 39
Craniotomy for Skull Tumor 41
Craniotomy for Trauma 43
Microvascular Decompression of Cranial Nerve 50
Bifrontal Craniotomy for CSF Leak 54
Transoral or Transnasal Approach to the Cervicomedullary Junction and Odontoid 57
Transsphenoidal Resection of Pituitary Tumor 60
Ventricular Shunt Procedures 65
Craniocervical Decompression (Chiari Malformation) 70
Stereotactic Neurosurgery 72
1.2 Functional Neurosurgery 77
Surgeon S Jaimie M. Henderson, Lawrence M. Shuer
Ane Sthe Siologi St Richard A. Jaffe
Functional Neurosurgery—Introduction: The Surgical Treatment of Pain, Movement Disorders,
and Epilepsy 78
Stereotactic Procedures: Deep Brain Stimulation, Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy,
and MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound 79
Surgical Analgesics: Spinal Cord Stimulation, Intrathecal Pumps, and Cortical Stimulation 84
Vagus Nerve Stimulation 88
Epilepsy Surgery 92
Surgery for Spasticity 96
Percutaneous Procedures for Trigeminal Neuralgia 98
1.3 Spinal Neurosurgery 105
Surgeon S Anand Veeravagu, Lawrence M. Shuer
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Karl Zheng, C. Philip Larson Jr., Martin S. Angst
Anterior Fusion/Fixation of the Upper Cervical (C1-C2) Spine 108
Posterior Fusion/Fixation of the Upper Cervical Spine 111
Anterior Fusion/Fixation of the Mid and Lower Cervical Spine 114
Posterior Fusion/Fixation of the Mid and Lower Cervical Spine 118
Anterior Cervicothoracic Spine Surgery 122
Anterior Thoracic Spine Surgery 129
Posterior Thoracic Spine Surgery 131Anterior Lumbar/Lumbosacral Spine Surgery 134
Posterior Lumbar Spine Surgery 137
Posterior Lumbar Fusion and Instrumentation 138
Combined Anterior and Posterior Instrumentation of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine 141
1.4 Carotid Endarterectomy 147
Surgeon S Gary K. Steinberg, Robert L. Dodd
Ane Sthe Siologi St Richard A. Jaffe
Carotid Endarterectomy 148
2.0 OPHTHALMIC SURGERY 157
Surgeon S Peter H. Tang, Darius M. Moshfeghi
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Richard A. Jaffe, Lindsey Ralls
Cataract Extraction with Intraocular Lens Insertion 158
Corneal Transplantation 160
Trabeculectomy 162
Ectropion Repair 165
Entropion Repair 167
Ptosis Repair 168
Eyelid Reconstruction 170
Pterygium Excision 172
Repair of Ruptured or Lacerated Globe 178
Dacryocystorhinostomy 181
Enucleation 184
Orbitotomy—Anterior and Lateral 186
Retinal Surgery 188
3.0 OTOLARYNGOLOGY—HEAD AND NECK SURGERY 195
Surgeon S Michael J. Kaplan, Edward J. Damrose, Robert K. Jackler, Robson Capasso,
Peter H. Hwang, Sam P. Most, Donald M. Sesso, Jerome E. Hester
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Vladimir Nekhendzy, Tiffany Cheng
Introduction—Surgeon’s Perspective 196
Introduction—Anesthesiologist’s Perspective 196
Anesthetic Management 198
Laryngoscopy/Bronchoscopy/Esophagoscopy 200
Tracheotomy/Tracheostomy and Cricothyroidotomy 209
Intubation for Epiglottitis 214
Zenker Diverticulectomy (Open Approach) 215
Laryngeal Framework Surgery (Thyroplasty, Arytenoid Adduction, Injection Laryngoplasty) 217
Tracheal and Cricotracheal Resection 221
Laryngectomy: Partial and Total 223
Tonsillectomy and/or Adenoidectomy 228
Glossectomy 233
Maxillectomy and Orbit Exenteration 237
Composite Resection with Marginal or Segmental Mandibulectomy (and Neck Dissection) 240
Neck Dissection 242
Lymph Node Biopsy 246
Parotidectomy: Superficial, Total, or Radical 247
Submandibular Gland Excision 250
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery 253
External Sinus Surgery 260
Nasal Surgery (Rhinoplasty, Septoplasty, Septorhinoplasty) 262
Facial Plastic Surgery 263
Otology and Neurotology 270
Neurotologic Skull Base Surgery 275
Reconstructive Surgery for Sleep-Disordered Breathing 2844.0 DENTAL SURGERY 297
Surgeon Stephen A. Schendel
Ane Sthe Siologi St Richard A. Jaffe
Temporomandibular Joint Arthroscopy/Arthrotomy/Arthroplasty 298
Oral Surgery 300
Restorative Dentistry 301
5.0 THORACIC SURGERY 305
Surgeon Natalie Shaubie Lui
Ane Sthe Siologi St Vivek Kulkarni
Introduction: Surgeon’s Perspective 306
Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery 309
Lung Resections 313
Chest Wall Resection 323
Repair of Pectus Excavatum or Carinatum 324
Thoracoplasty 328
Drainage of Empyema 330
Tracheal Resection 334
Tracheobronchoplasty 338
Excision of Blebs or Bullae 342
Lung Volume Reduction Surgery 346
Bronchopulmonary Lavage 350
Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration 354
Bronchoscopy—Flexible and Rigid 358
Airway Laser Surgery 363
Thymectomy 366
Excision of Other Mediastinal Tumors 370
Mediastinoscopy 372
Lung Transplant 378
6.0 CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 381
6.1 Cardiac Surgery 383
Surgeon R. Scott Mitchell
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Linda E. Foppiano, Daryl Oakes, Albert Tsai
Cardiopulmonary Bypass 384
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery 390
Left Ventricular Aneurysmectomy 397
Aortic Valve Replacement 398
Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Procedures 402
Mitral Valve Repair or Replacement 403
Tricuspid Valve Repair 408
Septal Myectomy/Myotomy 413
Pacemaker Insertion 416
Pericardiectomy 420
6.2 Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery 427
Surgeon James I. Fann
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Albert Tsai, Daryl Oakes
Off-Pump and Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting 428
Port-Access and TECAB Coronary Revascularization 434
Limited Thoracotomy and Port-Access Approaches to Valve Surgery 438
Transcatheter Valve Replacement Procedures 4406.3 Vascular Surgery 451
Surgeon S James I. Fann, R. Scott Mitchell, Clayton A. Kaiser, Michael D. Dake
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Jessica L. Brodt, Albert Tsai, Daryl Oakes
Carotid Endarterectomy (Vascular) 452
Repair of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms 455
Endovascular Stent Grafting of Aortic Aneurysms 459
Repair of Acute Aortic Dissections 465
Repair of Aneurysms of the Thoracoabdominal Aorta 472
Surgery of the Abdominal Aorta 479
Infrainguinal Arterial Bypass 485
Arterial Embolectomy 489
Lumbar Sympathectomy 491
Venous Surgery—Thrombectomy or Vein Excision 493
Surgery for Portal Hypertension 496
Arteriovenous Access for Hemodialysis 503
Permanent Vascular Access 505
Venous Surgery—Vein Stripping and Perforator Ligation 509
Varicose Vein Stripping and Ablation 511
6.4 Heart/Lung Transplantation 515
Surgeon Hari R. Mallidi
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Albert Tsai, Daryl Oakes, Linda E. Foppiano
Surgery for Heart Transplantation 516
Surgery for the Lung and Heart/Lung Transplantation 522
7.0 GENERAL SURGERY 533
7.1 Esophageal Surgery 535
Surgeon S Jeffrey A. Norton, Mark F. Berry
Ane Sthe Siologi St Vivek Kulkarni
Esophagostomy 536
Esophageal Diverticulectomy 537
Management of Esophageal Perforation 541
Esophagomyotomy 542
Esophagogastric Fundoplasty 544
Esophagectomy 547
7.2 Stomach Surgery 555
Surgeon S Dan Eisenberg, Sherry M. Wren, Maureen M. Tedesco
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Jerry Ingrande, Clifford A. Schmiesing, Brendan Carvalho
Gastric Resections 556
Gastric or Duodenal Perforation 559
Open Operations for Morbid Obesity 563
Gastrostomy Placement 569
7.3 Intestinal Surgery 573
Surgeon Jeffrey A. Norton
Ane Sthe Siologi St Clifford A. Schmiesing
Duodenotomy 574
Open Appendectomy 575
Excision of Meckel Diverticulum 577
Enterostomy 580
Continent Ileostomy Pouch (Kock) 583Enterolysis 587
Closure of Enteric Fistulae 588
7.4 Colorectal Surgery 593
Surgeon Andrew A. Shelton
Ane Sthe Siologi St Clifford A. Schmiesing
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) 594
Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery 594
Total Proctocolectomy 595
Segmental (Partial) Colectomy 599
Stoma Closure or Peristomal Hernia Repair 602
Operations for Rectal Prolapse 607
Rectal Surgery 609
Anorectal Surgery 612
Surgery for Anal Fistulae 612
Hemorrhoidectomy/Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy 614
Operations for Fecal Incontinence 616
7.5 Hepatic Surgery 621
Surgeon Samuel K. S. So
Ane Sthe Siologi St Hendrikus J. M. Lemmens
Hepatic Resection 622
Hepatorrhaphy 625
7.6 Biliary Tract Surgery 629
Surgeon C. Andrew Bonham
Ane Sthe Siologi St Hendrikus J. M. Lemmens
Open Cholecystectomy and Common Bile Duct Exploration 630
Biliary Drainage Procedures 632
Excision of Bile Duct Tumor 635
Choledochal Cyst Excision or Anastomosis 637
Anesthetic Considerations for Biliary Tract Surgery 638
7.7 Laparoscopic General Surgery 643
Surgeon S Sherry M. Wren, Anthony J. Carden, Maureen M. Tedesco, Ruth M. Fanning
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Clifford A. Schmiesing, Jerry Ingrande, Brendan Carvalho
Laparoscopic Repair of Perforated Peptic Ulcer 644
Laparoscopic Esophageal Fundoplication 645
Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy ± Antireflux Procedure 648
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ± Common Duct Exploration 650
Laparoscopic Splenectomy 655
Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy 660
Laparoscopic and Robotic Bowel Resection 663
Laparoscopic Appendectomy 667
Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair 671
Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery 674
Anesthesia for Laparoscopy in Pregnancy 683
7.8 Pancreatic Surgery 687
Surgeon Jeffrey A. Norton
Ane Sthe Siologi St Martin S. Angst
Operative Drainage for Pancreatitis 688
Drainage of Pancreatic Pseudocyst 690
Longitudinal Pancreaticojejunostomy 691Pancreatectomy 693
Whipple Resection 696
7.9 Peritoneal Surgery 707
Surgeon Jeffrey A. Norton
Ane Sthe Siologi St Martin S. Angst
Exploratory or Staging Laparotomy 708
Splenectomy 714
Excision of Intra-abdominal and Retroperitoneal Tumors 716
Drainage of Subphrenic Abscess 717
Inguinal Herniorrhaphy 719
Femoral Herniorrhaphy 721
Repair of Incisional Hernia 722
Repair of Abdominal Dehiscence 724
7.10 Breast Surgery 729
Surgeon S Irene L. Wapnir, Deshka S. Foster, Arash Momeni
Ane Sthe Siologi St Clifford A. Schmiesing
Breast Biopsy 730
Lymph Node Surgery 732
Mastectomy ± Reconstruction 736
7.11 Endocrine Surgery 743
Surgeon S Hadiza S. Kazaure, Dana T. Lin
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Javier Lorenzo, Frederick G. Mihm
Excision of Thyroglossal Duct Cyst 744
Thyroidectomy 746
Parathyroidectomy 753
Adrenalectomy 758
7.12 Liver/Kidney/Pancreas Transplantation 771
Surgeon Marc L. Melcher
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Timothy P. Angelotti, Hendrikus J. M. Lemmens
Kidney Transplantation: Cadaveric and Live Donor 772
Cadaveric Kidney/Pancreas Transplantation 774
Live-Donor Nephrectomy: Laparoscopic and Open 779
Kidney Transplant Nephrectomy 781
Liver Transplantation 784
Living-Donor Liver Transplantation 798
Multiorgan Procurement 800
7.13 Trauma Surgery 807
Surgeon S Lisa M. Knowlton, Aussama K. Nassar, Timothy Browder
Ane Sthe Siologi St Lindsay Raleigh
Initial Assessment and Airway Management for Trauma Surgery 808
Emergency Tube Thoracostomy 811
Emergency Department Thoracotomy 813
Exploratory Surgery for Neck Trauma 815
Anesthetic Considerations for Neck Trauma Surgery 817
Chest Trauma: Pericardial Window, Release of Tamponade, and Repair of Cardiac Laceration 819
Chest Trauma: Repair of Great Vessels 821
Chest Trauma: Pneumonectomy, Lobectomy, and Repair of Tracheobronchial Injury 823
Abdominal Trauma: Damage Control 828
Abdominal Trauma: Hepatic and Splenic Injuries 829
Abdominal Trauma: Vascular Injuries 832
Pediatric Trauma 8388.0 OBSTETRIC/GYNECOLOGIC SURGERY 841
8.1 Gynecologic Oncology 843
Surgeon S Zhenhua Du, Nelson N. H. Teng
Ane Sthe Siologi St Clifford A. Schmiesing
Staging Laparotomy for Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer 844
Interval, Secondary Cytoreductive, and Second-Look Assessment Laparotomy 849
Radical Vulvectomy 853
Conization of the Cervix 859
Anesthetic Considerations for Laser Therapy to the Vulva, Vagina, and Cervix 862
Suction Curettage for Gestational Trophoblastic Disease 864
Pelvic Exenteration 869
Exploratory Laparotomy or Laparoscopy and Hysterectomy/BSO for Uterine Cancer 875
Radical Hysterectomy 879
Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopy and Surgery in Gynecologic Oncology 883
Interstitial Perineal Implants 885
8.2 Gynecology/Infertility Surgery 889
Surgeon S Deirdre Lum, Amin A. Milki, Jonathan Kort, Lynn M. Westphal
Ane Sthe Siologi St Clifford A. Schmiesing
Dilatation and Curettage (D&C) 890
Therapeutic Abortion, Dilatation, and Evacuation (D&E) 891
Hysteroscopy 896
Pelvic Laparotomy 900
Transvaginal Oocyte Retrieval 902
Infertility Operations/Assisted Reproductive Technologies 904
Hysterectomy—Vaginal, Abdominal, Laparoscopic, or Robotic 909
Operations for Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Anterior and Posterior Colporrhaphy, Enterocele Repair,
Sacrospinous Ligament Vaginal Vault Suspension, Uterosacral Ligament Vaginal Vault
Suspension, and Sacrocolpopexy 915
Operations for Stress Urinary Incontinence 919
8.3 Obstetric Surgery 925
Surgeon S Samantha Corey Do, Yasser Y. El-Sayed
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Brendan Carvalho, Lee Coleman
Cesarean Section—Lower Segment and Classic 926
Medical and Surgical Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage 934
Repair of Uterine Rupture 936
Postpartum Tubal Ligation 937
Repair of Vaginal/Cervical Lacerations 940
Cervical Cerclage—Elective and Emergent 944
Removal of Retained Placenta 947
Management of Uterine Inversion 950
8.4 Laparoscopic Procedures with and Without Robotic Assistance
for Gynecologic Surgery 955
Surgeon S Camran R. Nezhat, Stacy Young, Megan Kennedy Burns, Lucia DiFrancesco,
Azadeh A. Nezhat
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Clifford A. Schmiesing, Amy Lu
Laparoscopic Surgery for Endometriosis 956
Laparoscopic Surgery for Ectopic Pregnancy or Adnexal Mass 960
Laparoscopic Myomectomy 963
Laparoscopic Hysterectomy 965
Laparoscopic Surgery for Vaginal Vault Suspension 9689.0 UROLOGY 973
Surgeon Harcharan S. Gill
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Periklis Panousis, Roya Saffary
Diagnostic Transurethral (Endoscopic) Procedures 974
Therapeutic Transurethral Procedures (Except TURP) 976
Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) 979
Open Prostate Operations 984
Nephrectomy 989
Operations on the Renal Pelvis and Upper Ureter 993
Cystectomy 997
Open Bladder Operations (Other than Cystectomy) 1002
Inguinal Operations 1005
Penile Operations 1009
Scrotal Operations 1012
Perineal Operations 1016
Vaginal Operations 1019
Special Considerations for Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Procedures 1022
10.0 ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY 1025
10.1 Hand Surgery 1027
Surgeon S Paige M. Fox, Catherine Curtin, Vincent R. Hentz
Ane Sthe Siologi St Lindsey Vokach-Brodsky
Darrach Procedure 1028
Dorsal Stabilization and Extensor Synovectomy of the Rheumatoid Wrist 1029
Metacarpophalangeal and Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty and Arthrodesis 1031
Arthrodesis of the Wrist 1033
Total Wrist Replacement 1034
Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Fusion/Arthroplasty/Stabilization 1036
Excision of Ganglion of the Wrist 1040
Palmar and Digital Fasciectomy 1041
Repair of Lacerated Tendons/Nerves 1042
Wrist Arthroscopy/Repair of Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tears 1047
Carpal Tunnel Release 1048
Fixation of Fractures and Dislocations of the Wrist and Hand 1051
Digit and Hand Replantation 1054
10.2 Shoulder/Arm Surgery 1059
Surgeon S Amy L. Ladd, Emilie V. Cheung
Ane Sthe Siologi St Lindsey Vokach-Brodsky
Surgeon’s Perspective: Regional Anesthesia in Shoulder Surgery 1060
Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery 1060
Surgery for Acromial Impingement, Rotator Cuff Tears, and Acromioclavicular
Joint Arthritis 1063
Surgery for Shoulder Instability 1066
Glenohumeral Shoulder Arthroplasty 1072
Shoulder Girdle Procedures 1076
Brachial Plexus Surgery 1078
Arm Surgery 1082
10.3 Spine Surgery 1087
Surgeon S Ivan Cheng, Alexander H. Arzeno
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Karl Zheng, C. Philip Larson Jr.
Minimally Invasive Posterior Lumbar Discectomy (Microdiscectomy) 1088
Minimally Invasive Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Through a Transpsoas Approach 1089Spinal Reconstruction and Fusion: Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Spine 1094
Spinal Reconstruction and Fusion: Lumbosacral Spine 1097
Spinal Reconstruction and Fusion: Cervical Spine 1100
10.4 Hip, Pelvis, and Upper Leg Surgery 1109
Surgeon S James I. Huddleston III, Stuart B. Goodman, Michael J. Bellino
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Frederick G. Mihm, Christopher J. Painter, Pedro P. Tanaka
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) of the Pelvis or Acetabulum 1110
Closed Reduction and External Fixation of the Pelvis 1112
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) of Acetabulum Fractures 1114
Osteotomy and Bone Graft Augmentation of the Pelvis 1117
Arthrodesis of the Sacroiliac Joint 1119
Amputations About the Hip and Pelvis: Disarticulation of the Hip and Hindquarter
Amputation 1120
Arthroplasty of the Hip 1125
Arthrodesis of the Hip 1128
Synovectomy of the Hip 1130
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) of Proximal Femoral Fractures (Femoral Neck,
Intertrochanteric, Subtrochanteric Fractures) 1134
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) of Distal Femur Fractures 1137
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) of the Femoral Shaft with Plate 1138
Intramedullary Nailing of Femoral Shaft 1140
Repair of Nonunion/Malunion of Proximal Third of the Femur, Proximal Femoral
Osteotomy for Osteoarthritis 1142
Closed Reduction and External Fixation of the Femur 1143
10.5 Knee Surgery 1145
Surgeon S James I. Huddleston III, Stuart B. Goodman
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Frederick G. Mihm, Christopher J. Painter, Pedro P. Tanaka
Arthroplasty of the Knee 1146
Arthrodesis of the Knee 1148
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) of Patellar Fractures 1150
Repair or Reconstruction of Knee Ligaments 1151
Patellar Realignment 1153
Arthroscopy of the Knee 1155
Knee Arthrotomy 1157
Repair of Tendons—Knee and Leg 1158
10.6 Lower Leg, Ankle, Foot, and Other Lower-Extremity Procedures 1165
Surgeon S Ariel Palanca, David Oji
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Frederick G. Mihm, Christopher J. Painter, Pedro P. Tanaka
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) of the Tibial Plateau Fracture 1166
Intramedullary Nailing, Tibia 1167
External Fixation, Tibia 1168
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) of Distal Tibia, Ankle, and Foot Fractures 1169
Repair Nonunion/Malunion, Tibia 1171
Arthroscopy of the Ankle 1172
Ankle Arthrotomy 1174
Ankle Arthrodesis 1175
Total Ankle Replacement 1177
Repair/Reconstruction of Ankle Ligaments 1179
Amputation Through Ankle (SYME) 1180
Amputation, Transmetatarsal 1182
Lengthening or Transfer of Tendons, Ankle, and Foot 1184
Amputation Above the Knee 1185
Amputation Below the Knee 1186Fasciotomy of the Leg 1192
Biopsy, Leg and Foot 1196
Biopsy or Drainage of Abscess/Excision of Tumor 1197
11.0 PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 1203
11.1 Facial Cosmetic Surgery 1205
Surgeon S Jeff Chang, David M. Kahn
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Richard A. Jaffe, Vanila M. Singh
Introduction to Cosmetic Facial Surgery 1206
Facelift and Neck Lift 1206
Brow Lift and Blepharoplasty 1211
Rhinoplasty 1218
Facial Laser Resurfacing 1222
11.2 Nonfacial Aesthetic Surgery 1225
Surgeon David M. Kahn
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Richard A. Jaffe, Vanila M. Singh
Augmentation Mammoplasty 1226
Reduction Mammoplasty 1228
Mastopexy/Breast Lift 1230
Brachioplasty 1233
Abdominoplasty 1235
Body Lifts 1240
Liposuction 1242
11.3 Craniofacial Surgery 1247
Surgeon Stephen A. Schendel
Ane Sthe Siologi St Richard A. Jaffe
Repair of Facial Fractures 1248
Le Fort Osteotomies 1257
Mandibular Osteotomies/Genioplasty 1260
11.4 Functional Restoration 1267
Surgeon S James Chang, David M. Kahn, Jacinta Leyden
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Richard A. Jaffe, Vanila M. Singh
Microsurgery Free-Flap Reconstruction 1268
Microsurgery Replantation 1272
Breast Surgery—Introduction 1276
Breast Reconstruction 1277
Chest Wall Reconstruction 1282
Pressure Sore Reconstruction 1286
11.5 Burn Surgery 1291
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Richard A. Jaffe, Melissa T. Berhow
Free Skin Graft for Burn Wound (with Tangential Excision, Excision to Fascia,
or Debridement) 1292
12.0 PEDIATRIC SURGERY 1299
12.1 Pediatric Neurosurgery 1301
Surgeon S Gerry A. Grant, Michael S. B. Edwards, Samuel H. Cheshier
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Michael I. Chen, Lisa Wise-Faberowski
Craniectomy for Craniosynostosis (Craniofacial Surgery) 1302Repair of Myelomeningocele 1307
Laminectomy, with Release of Tethered Spinal Cord (Spina Bifida Occulta) 1310
Intracranial Neuroendoscopy (Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy, Coagulation
of Choroid Plexus, Fenestration of Cyst) 1314
Surgery for Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformation 1317
Craniotomy for Vein of Galen Malformation 1322
12.2 Pediatric Ophthalmic Surgery 1327
Surgeon S Natalia F. Callaway, Darius M. Moshfeghi
Ane Sthe Siologi St Olga Wolke
Strabismus Surgery 1328
Pediatric Vitreoretinal Surgery 1332
12.3 Pediatric Otolaryngology 1341
Surgeon S Mai Thy Truong, Anna H. Messner
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Samuel A. Mireles, Ellen Ya-Ping Wang, Gregory B. Hammer
Myringotomy and Tympanostomy Tube Placement 1342
Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy 1345
Bronchoscopy/Esophagoscopy/Removal of Foreign Body 1349
Laryngoscopy, Supraglottoplasty, and Excision of Laryngeal Lesions 1351
Removal of Branchial Cleft Cyst or Thyroglossal Duct Cyst 1356
Incision/Drainage of Deep Neck Abscess 1357
Laryngotracheal Reconstruction, Cricotracheal Resection, and Laryngotracheoplasty 1359
Choanal Atresia Repair 1362
Pediatric Tracheostomy 1365
12.4 Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery 1367
Surgeon S Katsuhide Maeda, Frank L. Hanley
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Claudia Benkwitz, Lisa Wise-Faberowski, Komal Kamra,
M. Gail Boltz, Chandra Ramamoorthy
Surgery for Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum) 1368
Surgery for Atrioventricular Canal Defect 1373
Surgery for Ventricular Septal Defect 1378
Surgery for Patent Ductus Arteriosus 1382
Surgery for Coarctation of the Aorta 1386
Surgery for Tetralogy of Fallot 1391
Surgery for Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection 1397
Surgery for Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries 1402
Surgery for Truncus Arteriosus 1407
Surgery for Tricuspid Atresia 1410
Surgery for Double-Outlet Right Ventricle 1414
Surgery for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome 1417
12.5 Pediatric General Surgery 1423
Surgeon S Jordan S. Taylor, James Wall
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Andrew J. Giustini, Rebecca E. Claure, Brenda Golianu
Resection of Cystic Hygroma, Branchial Cleft Cyst, Thyroglossal Duct Cyst,
or Other Cervical Mass 1424
Esophagus—Foreign Body Removal and Dilation 1427
Achalasia, Heller Myotomy, Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM),
and Advanced Endoscopic Surgeries 1430
Repair of Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Esophageal Atresia 1434
Mediastinal Mass—Biopsy or Resection 1439
Neonatal Lung Resection 1443
Drainage of Empyema 1448Repair of Pectus Excavatum/Carinatum 1449
Esophageal Replacement, Colon Interposition 1453
Repair of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia 1457
Pyloromyotomy for Pyloric Stenosis 1461
Abdominal Tumor: Resection of Neuroblastoma, Wilms Tumor, and Hepatic Tumors 1465
Laparotomy for Intestinal Perforation and Necrotizing Enterocolitis 1469
Repair of Biliary Atresia and Choledochal Cysts 1473
Repair of Abdominal Wall Defects: Omphalocele/Gastroschisis 1477
Pull-Through for Hirschsprung Disease 1481
Pull-Through for Imperforate Anus and Cloaca 1485
Repair of Inguinal and Umbilical Hernias and Hydrocele 1488
Surgery for the Undescended Testicle 1491
Resection of Sacrococcygeal Teratoma 1493
Anesthesia for Minimally Invasive Surgery in Pediatric Patients 1496
Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment (EXIT) Procedure 1498
Pediatric Bariatric Surgery 1502
12.6 Pediatric Urology 1509
Surgeon S Andrew J. Sun, Hsi-Yang Wu
Ane Sthe Siologi St Radhamangalam J. Ramamurthi
Kidney and Upper Urinary Tract Operations 1510
Percutaneous Stone Procedures 1516
Transurethral Procedures 1517
Simple Open Bladder Operations 1520
Complex Open Bladder Operations 1522
Penile Surgery 1525
Genital Procedures (Clitoroplasty, Vaginoplasty, Urethroplasty) 1527
Inguinoscrotal Procedures 1530
Laparoscopic and Robotic Procedures 1534
12.7 Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery 1539
Surgeon S Amy L. Ladd, Matthew B. Burn, James G. Gamble
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Genevieve D’Souza, Brenda Golianu, Radhamangalam J. Ramamurthi
Percutaneous Pinning of Displaced Supracondylar Humerus Fracture 1540
Closed or Open Reduction of Displaced Lateral Condyle Humerus Fracture 1542
Aspiration and Injection of Unicameral Bone Cyst 1544
Release for Torticollis 1545
Pollicization of a Finger 1547
Syndactyly Repair 1549
Posterior Spinal Instrumentation and Fusion 1553
Anterior Spinal Fusion for Scoliosis 1557
Pelvic Osteotomy 1559
Acetabular Augmentation (Shelf) and Chiari Osteotomy 1561
Ober Fasciotomy and Yount-Ober Release 1563
Hip, Open Reduction, and Femoral Shortening 1565
Adductor Release or Transfer and Psoas Release 1567
Pinning of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis 1568
Flexible Intramedullary Nailing of Long-Bone Fractures 1570
Proximal Femoral Osteotomy 1572
Epiphysiodesis 1573
Sofield Procedure 1575
Limb Lengthening 1577
Patellar Realignment 1580
Tendon Transfer, Lengthening (Posterior Tibial) 1582
Triple Arthrodesis and Grice Procedure (Extra-Articular Subtalar Arthrodesis) 1583
Surgical Correction of Clubfoot 1585
Surgery for Epidermolysis Bullosa 159212.8 Surgery for Craniofacial Malformations 1597
Surgeon Stephen A. Schendel
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Nai Yi Sun, Rita Agarwal, Louise K. Furukawa
Surgical Correction of Craniosynostosis 1598
Major Secondary Craniofacial Surgical Procedures 1604
Cleft Lip Repair—Unilateral/Bilateral 1609
Palatoplasty 1612
Pharyngoplasty 1615
Alveolar Cleft Repair with Bone Graft 1618
Secondary Cleft Lip/Nasal Surgery 1620
Otoplasty 1625
12.9 Pediatric Transplantation 1629
Surgeon Waldo Concepcion
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Julianne Mendoza, Louise K. Furukawa, Gregory B. Hammer
Pediatric Renal Transplantation 1630
Pediatric Liver Transplantation 1634
13.0 NON–OPERATING ROOM PROCEDURES 1643
13.1 Non–Operating Room Procedures: Adult 1645
Procedur Al SPeci Ali St S Charles DeBattista, Liong-Bing Liem, Michael P. Marks,
Daniel Y. Sze, David S. Wang, Andrew Kesselman, Ibrahim A. Idakoji
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Richard A. Jaffe, John G. Brock-Utne, Timothy P. Angelotti
Anesthesia for Non–Operating Room Procedures 1646
Electroconvulsive Therapy 1646
Interventional Neuroradiology 1652
Direct Current Cardioversion (Bing Liem) 1658
Implantation of Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) or Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Defibrillator (CRT-D) 1662
Extraction of Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) Leads 1664
Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation 1667
Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia 1669
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) 1676
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography 1681
Imaging and Image-Guided Procedures 1685
Tracheobronchial Stenting 1690
Thermal Ablation of Tumors and Other Targets 1695
Irreversible Electroporation (IRE Ablation) 1700
13.2 Non–Operating Room Procedures—Pediatric 1705
Procedur Al SPeci Ali St S Claudia Mueller, William E. Berquist, Sarah S. Donaldson,
Anne M. Dubin, Gary E. Hartman, Susan M. Hiniker, Katsuhide Maeda, Lynn Peng, Ann Ming Yeh
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Claudia Benkwitz, Erin Bushell, Rebecca E. Claure, Louise K. Furukawa,
Brenda Golianu, Kristin Sun, Lisa Wise-Faberowski, Komal Kamra
Pediatric Radiation Therapy 1706
Pediatric Cardiac Catheterization and Electrophysiology 1711
Pediatric Oncologic Procedures 1722
Upper/Lower GI Endoscopy 1726
Anesthesia for the Patient with Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB) 1728
Cross-Sectional Imaging (CT, MRI) 1733
Surgical Considerations for ECMO 1735
Anesthetic Management for Surgical Procedures Under ECMO 173714.0 OFFICE-BASED ANESTHESIA 1737
Procedur Al SPeci Ali St S David A. Berman, Vernon J. Adams Jr., Azeem K. Lakha
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Richard A. Jaffe, Terri D. Homer
Introduction—Anesthesiologist’s Perspective 1738
Facial Rejuvenation: Lasers and RF Tissue Tightening 1710
Office Dental Rehabilitation Under Deep IV Sedation 1742
Dental Implants and Bone Grafting 1745
15.0 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES FOR THE ANESTHESIOLOGIST 1749
Ane Sthe Siologi St Frederick G. Mihm
Emergency Cricothyrotomy 1750
Emergency Pericardiocentesis 1753
Emergency Ultrasound-Guided Pericardiocentesis 1754
Emergent Needle/Catheter Thoracostomy 1758
Emergent Ultrasound-Guided Needle/Catheter Thoracostomy 1757
Emergency Intraosseous Access 1760
16.0 REGIONAL BLOCKS—A BRIEF OVERVIEW 1763
Ane Sthe Siologi St S Jean-Louis Horn, Mastoora Nasiri
Upper Extremity Blocks 1764
APPENDICES A-1
Appendix A: Preoperative Considerations A-2
Clifford A. Schmiesing
Appendix B: Standard Adult Anesthetic Protocols B-1
Richard A. Jaffe, Clifford A. Schmiesing, Steven L. Shafer
Appendix C: Multimodal Perioperative Pain Management C-1
Roya Saffary, Einar Ottestad
Appendix D: Standard Pediatric Anesthetic Management D-1
Birgit Maass
Appendix E: Multimodal Pediatric Postoperative Pain Management E-1
Genevieve D’Souza, Julie Good, Brenda Golianu
Appendix F: Tables of Drug Interactions and Recommendations for Preop Management F-1
Carolyn Nguyen
Appendix G: Special Considerations for Latex Allergy G-1
Andrew J. Giustini, Rebecca E. Claure, Anita Honkanen, Brenda Golianu
Appendix H: Perioperative Acupuncture H-1
Emily F. Ratner, Brenda Golianu, Jeannie Seybold
Appendix I: Management of the Difficult Airway I-1
C. Philip Larson Jr.
Appendix J: Anticoagulation Guidelines for Neuraxial Procedures J-1
Einar Ottestad, Alex J. Butwick, Brendan Carvalho, Jamie Kuo, Sharon Jung
Appendix K: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery K-1
Richard A. Jaffe, Andrew J. Giustini, Brenda Golianu
Appendix L: High-Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) and Transnasal Humidified Rapid-Insufflation
Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) L-1
Erin Bushell
Appendix M: Abbreviations M-1
SUBJECT INDEX I-1