The ASAM Principles of Addiction Medicine: eBook with Multimedia

Contents
Section Editors iv
Contributors vi
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgments xxv
Tributes xxvi
SECTION 1
BASIC SCIENCE AND CORE CONCEPTS 1
1 Substance Use Disorders: The Neurobiology of Motivation
Gone Awry 2
Nora D. Volkow, George F. Koob, and Ruben Baler
2 Recommended Use of Terminology in Addiction
Medicine 27
Shannon C. Miller, Richard N. Rosenthal, Jeanette M. Tetrault,
Sarah E. Wakeman, Andrew J. Saxon, and Sharon Levy
3 The Anatomy of Addiction 34
Michael J. Wesley, Colleen A. Hanlon, and Thomas J. R. Beveridge
4 Clinical Trials in Substance-Using Populations 48
Frank Vocci
5 Addiction Medicine Physicians and Collaborative Care
Clinicians as Change Agents for Prevention and Public
Health 64
Warren Yamashita, Kevin Kunz, and Omari Hodge
6 Climate Change and Addiction Medicine 76
Shannon C. Miller and John W. Sullenbarger
7 The Cigarette Industry’s Role in Promoting Tobacco Use
Disorder 89
K. Michael Cummings
8 The Impact of the Alcohol Industry on Alcohol Use
Disorder 105
Thomas F. Babor
9 The Impact of the Cannabis Industry on Cannabis Use
Disorder 116
David H. Jernigan, Jih-Cheng Yeh, Connor Kubeisy, and Kevin A. Sabet
SECTION 2
PHARMACOLOGY 128
10 Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic, and
Pharmacogenomic Principles 129
Lori D. Karan, John G. McNutt, and Anne Zajicek
11 The Pharmacology of Alcohol 148
John J. Woodward
12 The Pharmacology of Nonalcohol Sedative Hypnotics 165
Carolina L. Haass-Kof? er and Elinore F. McCance-Katz
13 The Pharmacology of Opioids 178
Daryl Shorter, Coreen B. Domingo, and Thomas R. Kosten
14 The Pharmacology of Stimulants 191
David A. Gorelick and Michael H. Baumann
15 The Pharmacology of Caffeine 217
Laura M. Juliano, Sergi Ferré, Darian Weaver, and Roland R. Griffi ths
16 The Pharmacology of Nicotine and Tobacco 230
John A. Dani, Thomas R. Kosten, and Neal L. Benowitz
17 The Pharmacology of Cannabinoids 248
Justin Matheson, Katrina Mark, Daniele Piomelli, David A. Gorelick,
and Bernard Le Foll
18 The Pharmacology of Hallucinogens 269
David B. Yaden, David S. Mathai, Michael P. Bogenschutz,
and David E. Nichols
19 The Pharmacology of Dissociatives 293
Nicholas Denomme, Hamilton Morris, Jason Wallach,
and Shannon C. Miller
20 The Pharmacology of Inhalants 308
Robert L. Balster and Silvia L. Cruz
21 The Pharmacology of Anabolic-Androgenic
Steroids 317
Scott E. Lukas
22 Electronic Drug Delivery Devices 337
Gideon St.Helen and Shannon C. Miller
23 Novel Psychoactive Substances 357
Kathryn Hawk, Barbara M. Kirrane, and Gail D’Onofrio
SECTION 3
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PREVENTION 366
24 The Epidemiology of Substance Use Disorders 367
Silvia S. Martins, Megan E. Marziali, and Pia M. Mauro
Sidebar Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention 385
James C. Anthony
25 Preventing Substance Use Among Children and
Adolescents 390
Kenneth W. Griffi n and Gilbert J. Botvin
26 Environmental Approaches to Prevention: Communities
and Contexts 399
Mallie J. Paschall, Joel W. Grube, Robert F. Saltz, and Paul J. Gruenewald
27 Prevention of Prescription Medication Misuse 408
Beth Han, Christopher M. Jones, and Wilson M. Compton
28 The Harm Reduction Approach to Caring for People Who
Use Substances 423
Alexander Y. Walley, Sharon Stancliff, and India Perez-Urbano
29 College Student Drinking 437
Lauren McClain, Frank J. Schwebel, Ursula Whiteside, Jason R. Kilmer,
Ty W. Lostutter, and Mary E. Larimer
30 Policy and Leadership: Impact on Primary, Secondary,
and Tertiary Prevention of Substance Use Disorders
in Military Personnel and Beyond 453
Kenneth Hoffman and Janet H. Lenard
Sidebar Challenges of Reintegration for Military Personnel
and Their Families 464
Joan E. Zweben and Susan StortiSECTION 4
DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT, AND EARLY
INTERVENTION TREATMENT 471
31 Screening and Brief Intervention 472
Kenneth W. Verbos II, Alice Zhang, Ahyeon Cho, Suena H. Massey,
and Aleksandra E. Zgierska
Sidebar 1 Screening and Brief Intervention in
Pregnancy 496
Nicolas Bertholet
Sidebar 2 Screening and Brief Intervention in Trauma
Centers, Hospitals, and Emergency
Departments 504
Arthur F. Weissman and Richard D. Blondell
Sidebar 3 Implementation of Screening and Brief
Intervention in Clinical Settings Using Quality Improvement
Principles 506
Emily C. Williams and Katharine A. Bradley
Sidebar 4 Screening for Unhealthy Alcohol and Drug Use
in Older Adults 510
Jennifer McNeely and Benjamin Han
32 Laboratory Assessment 515
Sacha N. Uljon, Eugene Lambert, and Eric Lott
33 Assessment 526
Deirdre O’Sullivan and Abenaa Jones
Sidebar 1 Hospital-Based Addiction Care 535
Honora Englander, Jennifer McNeely, and Zoe M. Weinstein
Sidebar 2 Prevention and Early Treatment in the
Workplace Setting 542
Marianne Cloeren, Jodi J. Frey, and Indira G. Jetton
34 Addiction Among Physicians and Physician Health
Programs 551
Paul H. Earley and Chris Bundy
Sidebar Health care Professional Wellness After Patient
Overdose Death 575
Amy M. Yule and Frances Rudnick Levin
SECTION 5
OVERVIEW OF ADDICTION TREATMENT 579
35 Addiction Medicine in America: Its Birth, Early History,
and Current Status (1750-2022) 580
Kevin Kunz, Hoover Adger, William L. White, Timothy K. Brennan,
Annie Lévesque, and Jacqueline Deanna Wilson
36 The Treatment of Substance Use Disorders: An
Overview 594
Lawrence S. Brown Jr, Andrea G. Barthwell, and Ana Ventuneac
37 Identification and Treatment of High-Risk Alcohol Use
and Alcohol Use Disorder: An Overview 609
Mark Willenbring
38 Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Social Determinants of
Health, Disparities, and Access to Care 621
Oluwole O. Jegede, Myra L. Mathis, Richard Youins, Kimberly Guy,
Skylar Gross, and Ayana Jordan
39 Cultural Issues in Addiction Medicine 627
Andrea G. Barthwell
40 Substance Use and Co-occurring Conditions
in Women 635
41 Treatment of Substance Use Disorders in Older
Adults 653
Frederic C. Blow, Kristen J. Barry, and Angela M. Tiberia
42 Treatment Considerations for LGBTQ Patients 666
Timothy M. Hall, Maliha Khan, and Steven Shoptaw
43 Military Sexual Trauma 680
Joan E. Zweben
44 Traumatic Brain Injury and Substance Use Disorders 685
David L. Pennington, Amy A. Herrold, and Angela M. Mueller
45 Integrated Care for Substance Use Disorder 701
Emma E. McGinty, Rachel H. Alinsky, and Mark McGovern
46 Substance Use–Related Care—Interprofessional
Collaborative Practice 713
Deborah S. Finnell, Jeffrey Bratberg, and Lisa K. Berger
47 The ASAM Criteria and Matching Patients to
Treatment 725
David R. Gastfriend and R. Corey Waller
48 Linking Addiction Treatment With Other Medical and
Psychiatric Treatment Systems 740
Alyssa F. Peterkin, Karran A. Phillips, Peter D. Friedmann,
and Jeffrey H. Samet
49 Reducing Inequities of Care Through Changes in
Practice 758
Kimberly Sue, Amanda Latimore, and India Perez-Urbano
50 Quality Improvement for Addiction Treatment 768
James H. Ford II, Kim A. Hoffman, Kimberly Johnson, and Javier Ponce
Terashima
Sidebar Delivery of Addiction Medicine Care via Video or
Phone 780
Christopher M. Jones and Yngvild Olsen
SECTION 6
NONSUBSTANCE ADDICTION-RELATED
DISORDERS 787
51 Understanding Nonsubstance
Addictions 788
Luis C. Farhat, Sarah W. Yip, and Marc N. Potenza
52 Gambling Disorder: Clinical Characteristics and
Treatment 812
Jon E. Grant and Brian L. Odlaug
53 Compulsive Sexual Behaviors 826
Timothy M. Hall, Anya Bershad, and Steven Shoptaw
54 Disorders Associated With Technology and Social
Media 842
Richard N. Rosenthal and Jon E. Grant
SECTION 7
MANAGEMENT OF INTOXICATION AND
WITHDRAWAL 859
55 Management of Intoxication and Withdrawal: General
Principles 860
Tara M. Wright, Jeffrey S. Cluver, and Hugh Myrick
56 Management of Alcohol Intoxication and Withdrawal 868
Alan A. Wartenberg, Hannan M. Braun, and Cara Zimmerman
57 Management of Sedative-Hypnotic Intoxication and
Withdrawal 888 58 Management of Opioid Intoxication and Withdrawal 908
Kenneth L. Morford, Julia M. Shi, Patrick G. O’Connor, and
Jeanette M. Tetrault
59 Management of Stimulant, Hallucinogen, Cannabis,
Phencyclidine, and Other Drug Intoxication and
Withdrawal 923
Jeffery N. Wilkins, David A. Gorelick, Itai Danovitch, Nicholas
Athanasiou, and Steven Allen
SECTION 8
PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS AND
OTHER SOMATIC THERAPIES 945
60 Pharmacological Interventions for Alcohol Use
Disorder 946
Norah Essali, Hugh Myrick, and Andrew J. Saxon
61 Pharmacological Interventions for Sedative-Hypnotic Use
Disorder 961
Alyssa Braxton, Jeffrey S. Cluver, Tara M. Wright, and Hugh Myrick
62 Pharmacological Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder 969
David Kan and Joan E. Zweben
Sidebar Medical Director Stewardship of Opioid Treatment
Programs 994
Kenneth B. Stoller
63 Special Issues in Office-Based Opioid Treatment
(OBOT) 999
Amy J. Kennedy and Andrew J. Saxon
64 Pharmacological Treatment of Stimulant Use
Disorders 1014
David A. Gorelick and Jeffery N. Wilkins
65 Pharmacological Interventions for Nicotine and Tobacco
Use 1030
Randi M. Williams, Frank T. Leone, and Robert Schnoll
66 Pharmacological Interventions for Other Substances and
Multiple Substance Use Disorders 1045
Jeffery N. Wilkins, Mark Hrymoc, Manjit Bhandal, and David A. Gorelick
67 Complementary and Integrative Interventions for Substance
Use Disorders 1052
Ripal Shah and David Spiegel
68 Neuromodulation for Substance Use Disorders 1064
Colleen A. Hanlon, Kaitlin R. Kinney, Miranda P. Ramirez,
and Michael J. Wesley
SECTION 9
PSYCHOLOGICALLY BASED
INTERVENTIONS 1073
69 Enhancing Motivation to Change 1074
James O. Prochaska and Janice M. Prochaska
70 Motivational Interviewing 1085
Cassandra L. Boness, Antoine Douaihy, and Karen S. Ingersoll
71 Group Therapies 1094
Dennis C. Daley, Antoine Douaihy, and Roger D. Weiss
72 Individual Treatment 1107
Edward V. Nunes and Kenneth M. Carpenter
73 Contingency Management and the Community
Reinforcement Approach 1128
Sarah H. Heil, Tyler G. Erath, Roxanne F. Harfmann, and
Stephen T. Higgins
74 Behavioral Interventions for Tobacco Use Disorder 1143
Joanna M. Streck, Angela Wangari Walter, Rachel L. Rosen,
and Elyse R. Park
75 Network Therapy 1164
Marc Galanter
76 Therapeutic Communities and Modified Therapeutic
Communities for Co-occurring Mental and Substance
Use Disorders 1175
George De Leon and Stanley Sacks
77 Aversion Therapies 1189
Hanne Tonnesen, P. Joseph Frawley, and Richard Montgomery
78 Family Involvement in Addiction, Treatment,
and Recovery 1198
Julianne C. Flanagan and Brandi C. Fink
79 Twelve-Step Facilitation Approaches 1213
Antoine Douaihy, Dennis M. Donovan, and Dennis C. Daley
80 Relapse Prevention: Clinical Models and Intervention
Strategies 1219
Antoine Douaihy, Dennis C. Daley, and Dennis M. Donovan
81 Mindfulness-Based Treatment of Addiction 1236
Eric L. Garland and Anna Parisi
82 Digital Health Interventions for Substance Use Disorders:
The State of the Science 1250
Smita Das
83 Medical Management Techniques and Collaborative
Care: Integrating Behavioral With Pharmacological
Interventions 1261
Richard N. Rosenthal, Richard K. Ries, and Joan E. Zweben
SECTION 10
MUTUAL HELP: TWELVE STEP AND OTHER
PROGRAMS IN ADDICTION RECOVERY 1278
84 Twelve-Step and Other Programs in Addiction
Recovery 1279
Edgar P. Nace
85 Recent Research Into Twelve-Step Programs 1289
John F. Kelly
86 Spirituality in the Recovery Process 1308
Marc Galanter
SECTION 11
MEDICAL DISORDERS AND COMPLICATIONS
OF ADDICTION 1313
87 Medical Care of Patients With Unhealthy Substance
Use 1314
Darius A. Rastegar
88 Cardiovascular Disorders Related to Substance
Use 1335
Andi Shahu, Steven E. Pfau, and Samit M. Shah
89 Liver Disorders Related to Substance Use 1355
Paul S. Haber and Emily Nash
90 Renal and Metabolic Disorders Related to Substance
Use 1376
Sarah Gilligan and Naveen Rathi 91 Gastrointestinal Disorders Related to Substance Use 1389
Paul S. Haber and Nicholas C. Kortt
92 Pulmonary Disorders Related to Substance Use 1402
Tessa L. Steel, Corey Sadd, and Majid Afshar
93 Neurological Disorders Related to Substance Use 1420
Emmanuelle A. D. Schindler, Mona Al Banna, Brian B. Koo,
Darren C. Volpe, Hamada Hamid Altalib, and Jason J. Sico
94 Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Tuberculosis, and Other
Infectious Diseases Related to Substance Use 1444
Carol A. Sulis, Ayesha Appa, and Simeon D. Kimmel
95 Sleep Disorders Related to Substance Use 1463
Sanford Auerbach
96 Traumatic Injuries Related to Alcohol and Other Drug
Use 1482
Edouard Coupet Jr, Deepa R. Camenga, Gail D’Onofrio, and Federico E. Vaca
97 Endocrine and Reproductive Disorders Related to
Substance Use 1490
Priya Jaisinghani and Gwendolyne Anyanate Jack
98 Substance Use During Pregnancy 1509
Michael F. Weaver, Hendrée E. Jones, and Martha J. Wunsch
99 Perioperative Management of Patients With Substance
Use 1530
Zoe M. Weinstein, Megan E. Buresh, and Daniel P. Alford
SECTION 12
CO-OCCURRING ADDICTION AND OTHER
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS 1544
100 Substance-Induced Mental Disorders 1545
Mark H. Duncan, R. Jeffrey Goldsmith, Matthew Iles-Shih,
and Richard K. Ries
101 Co-occurring Mood Disorders and Substance
Use Disorders 1559
Edward V. Nunes and Jungjin Kim
102 Co-occurring Substance Use, Anxiety Disorders,
and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders 1589
Alyssa Braxton, Eric T. Dobson, and Karen J. Hartwell
103 Co-occurring Psychosis and Substance Use Disorders 1601
Douglas Ziedonis, Xiaoduo Fan, Snehal Bhatt, and Stephen A. Wyatt
104 Co-occurring Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
and Substance Use Disorders 1622
David Saunders and Frances Rudnick Levin
105 Co-occurring Personality Disorders
and Substance Use Disorders 1643
Stephen Ross, Adam Demner, Daniel Roberts, Petros Petridis,
and Michael Torres
106 Co-occurring Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Substance
Use Disorders 1658
Tanya C. Saraiya, Sudie E. Back, Michael E. Saladin,
Therese K. Killeen, and Kathleen T. Brady
107 Co-occurring Eating Disorders and Substance Use
Disorders 1678
Lisa J. Merlo, Nicole Avena, Ashley N. Gearhardt, and Mark S. Gold
SECTION 13
PAIN AND ADDICTION 1690
108 The Pathophysiology of Chronic Pain and Clinical Interfaces
With Substance Use Disorder 1691
Laura Morgan Frankart and Michael F. Weaver
109 Psychological Issues in the Management of Pain 1708
Martin D. Cheatle
110 Assessing and Mitigating Risk of Suicide in Patients
With Pain and Substance Use Disorders 1726
Martin D. Cheatle
111 Rehabilitation Approaches to Pain Management 1734
Steven Stanos and Randy L. Calisoff
112 Nonopioid Pharmacotherapy of Pain 1747
Emily R. Casey and Tanya J. Uritsky
113 Opioid Therapy of Pain 1761
Peggy Compton and Friedhelm Sandbrink
114 Co-occurring Pain and Substance Use Disorders 1791
William C. Becker and Declan T. Barry
115 Legal and Regulatory Considerations in Opioid
Prescribing 1800
David J. Copenhaver, Rohit Nalamasu, Wesley R. Prickett, Julia Megan
Webb, and Scott M. Fishman
SECTION 14
CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS 1810
116 Screening and Brief Intervention for
Adolescents 1811
Jessica B. Calihan and Lydia A. Shrier
Sidebar 1 Neurobiological Determinants of Addiction
in Children and Adolescents 1822
Marisa M. Silveri, Andie Stallman, and Jennifer T. Sneider
Sidebar 2 Governmental Policy on Cannabis Legalization
and Use: Impact on Youth 1827
Ziming Xuan, Lynsie Ranker, and Sion Kim Harris
117 Assessing Adolescent Substance Use 1833
Ken C. Winters, Randy Stinchfield, and Shelby Franklin
118 Placement Criteria and Strategies for Adolescent Treatment
Matching 1838
Marc Fishman
Sidebar 1 Confidentiality in Caring for
Adolescents 1850
Connor J. Buchholz and Scott E. Hadland
Sidebar 2 Drug Testing Adolescents in School 1853
J. Wesley Boyd and John R. Knight
119 Treating Substance Use Disorders in Carceral-Involved
Youth 1855
Kevin M. Simon 120 Treatment of Addiction-Related Disorders in
Adolescents 1862
Steven L. Jaffe, Justine Welsh, and Peter R. Cohen
121 Pharmacotherapy for Adolescents
With Substance Use Disorders 1871
Jacqueline Deanna Wilson and Paula Goldman
122 Co-occurring Psychiatric Disorders in Adolescents With
Addiction-Related Issues 1883
Martha J. Ignaszewski and Oscar Bukstein
SECTION 15
ETHICAL, LEGAL, AND LIABILITY ISSUES
IN ADDICTION PRACTICE 1895
123 Ethical Issues in Addiction Practice 1896
Timothy K. Brennan and H. Westley Clark
124 Consent and Confidentiality Issues in Addiction
Practice 1904
Louis E. Baxter Sr and Nan Gallagher
125 Clinical, Ethical, and Legal Considerations in Prescribing
Medications With Potential for Nonmedical Use and
Addiction 1911
James W. Finch, Theodore V. Parran Jr, and Steven Prakken
Sidebar 1 Drug Control Policy: History and Future
Directions 1927
John J. Coleman and Robert L. DuPont
Sidebar 2 Guidance on the Use of Opioids to Treat
Chronic Pain 1933
Steven Prakken and James W. Finch
126 Therapeutic Effectiveness of Cannabis and
Cannabinoids 1937
Jag H. Khalsa, Gregory C. Bunt, Marc Galanter, Mahmoud A. El-Sohly,
and Shyam Kottilil
Sidebar Legal and Ethical Considerations for
Clinicians Recommending Cannabis Used as
Treatment 1954
Nassima Ait-Daoud Tiouririne and Jeffrey Katra
127 Practical Considerations in Drug Testing 1957
Jennifer A. Collins
Sidebar Workplace Drug Testing and the Role of the Medical
Review Officer 1969
James L. Ferguson and Robert L. DuPont
128 Reducing Substance Use in Court-Leveraged
Treatment 1975
Douglas B. Marlowe
Sidebar Reducing Disparities in Substance Use Services
in Legal System Settings Among BIPOC and Minority
Groups 1982
Fred Rottnek
Index 1989
APPENDICES (ONLINE ONLY)
Appendix 1: Changes to ASAM Criteria Levels of Care
Martha J. Wunsch
Appendix 2: Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2023 and
Buprenorphine Prescribing Requirements
Martha J. Wunsch