xix
Contributors vii
Preface xvii
Volume 1
SECTION ONE: GENERAL PRINCIPLES
BASICS
 1 Biomechanics of Fractures and Fracture Fixation 1
Michael Bottlang, Daniel C. Fitzpatrick,  
Brandon G. Wilkinson, Lutz Claes, and Donald D. Anderson
 2 Bone, Cartilage, and Tendon Healing 46
Nathaniel E. Schaffer , Megan L. Killian, Tristan Maerz,  
Kurt D. Hankenson, and Jaimo Ahn
 3 Biologic and Biophysical Technologies for the 
Enhancement of Fracture Repair 65
Melanie Haffner-Luntzer , Chelsea Bahney, Ralph Marcucio,  
Paul A. Toogood, and Theodore Miclau
 4 Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Disease 85
Derek G. Hansen and Stuart H. Ralston
 5 Classification of Fractures 113
Shikha Sachdeva, Brandi Hartley, and Craig Roberts
 6 The Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Injury 131
Nathan P . Olszewski and Zachary E. Zeller
 7 Imaging Considerations in Orthopaedic Trauma 189
Joseph Dynako, Noah M. Joseph, Cassandra Rickets,  
and Christiaan N. Mamczak
 8 Outcome Studies in Trauma 234
Mohit Bhandari
 9 Artificial Intelligence and 3D-Guided Surgery  
in Orthopaedic Trauma: Why, How, and What 258
Job N. Doornberg, Frank F . A. IJpma, Prakash Jayakumar ,  
Vincent M. A. Stirler , Nick Assink, and Jasper Prijs
PRINCIPLES AND BIOMECHANICS  
OF FRACTURE TEATMENTS
 10 Principles of Nonoperative Management  
of Fractures 282
Benjamin J. Ollivere and Andrew D. Duckworth
 11 Principles of External Fixation 325
J. Tracy Watson
CONTENTS
 12 Principles and Biomechanics of Internal Fixation 396
Julius A. Bishop, L. Henry Goodnough, and Michael J. Gardner
 13 Templating and Technical Tricks in  
Internal Fixation 426
Carrie L. Heincelman and Michael T. Archdeacon
MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES OF SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES
 14 Management of the Multiply Injured Patient 467
Tejal S. Brahmbhatt and Heather A. Vallier
 15 Gunshot and Wartime Injuries 497
Michelle M. Gosselin, Arul Ramasamy, Louise McMenemy,  
and Daniel J. Stinner
 16 Classification and Initial Management  
of Open Fractures 518
Jamie Ferguson, Geertje Govaert, and Martin McNally
 17 Acute Compartment Syndrome 572
Edward J. Harvey, Mitchell Bernstein, and Andrew D. Duckworth
 18 Principles of Mangled Extremity Management 597
John L. Johnson and Greg E. Gaski
 19 Soft Tissue Coverage for Injuries and Fractures 628
Umraz Khan, Michael B. Kelly, Eva O’Grady,  
and Khalid Al-Hourani
 20 Principles of Nerve Injuries and  
Their Management 655
Tim E. J. Hems
 21 Limb Amputation After Trauma 690
Jowan G. Penn-Barwell, Jon M. Kendrew, James L. McVie,  
Ian D. Sargeant, and Tom K. Rowlands
 22 Psychosocial Aspects of Recovery After  
Trauma and Surgeon Wellness 705
Heather A. Vallier , David Ring, and Ana-Maria Vranceanu
 23 Obesity and Diabetes in Orthopaedic Trauma 717
Christopher Folau, John Morellato, Matthew L. Graves,  
and Patrick F . Bergin
 24 Stress Fractures 744
Brandon R. Hull, John M. Yingling, and David C. Teague
 25 Pathologic Fractures 765
Valerae O. Lewis
COMPLICATIONS AND ADVERSE OUTCOMES
 26 Venous Thromboembolism in Patients  
With Skeletal Trauma 791
Prism S. Schneiderxx Contents
 27 Complex Regional Pain Syndrome 817
Jan Paul Frölke and Emily Boersma
 28 Perioperative Pain Management of Fractures 826
Anna Miller , Christopher D. Flanagan, and Hassan Mir
 29 Osteomyelitis and Other Orthopaedic Infections 835
Michalis Panteli and Peter V . Giannoudis
 30 Principles of Nonunion and Bone Defect  
Treatment 873
William M. Ricci and Benjamin J. Ollivere
 31 Principles of Malunion Treatment 926
Mark R. Brinker , Daniel P . O’Connor , and Stephen J. Warner
SECTION TWO: UPPER EXTREMITY
 32 Acromioclavicular and Sternoclavicular  
Joint Injuries 959
Jonah Hebert-Davies, Jhase Sniderman, and Aaron Nauth
 33 Scapular Fractures 1013
Jan Bartonícek
 34 Clavicle Fractures 1049
Sarah Woltz and Michael D. McKee
 35 Glenohumeral Instability 1102
Xinning Li, Stephen A. Parada, Josef K. Eichinger ,  
and Richard Ma
 36 Proximal Humeral Fractures 1174
Antonio M. Foruria, Natalia Martinez-Catalan,  
and Joaquin Sanchez-Sotelo
 37 Humeral Shaft Fractures 1278
Dominique M. Rouleau, Claire Bastard, Rocio Branes,  
and Julien Chapleau
 38 Periprosthetic Fractures of the Upper Extremity 1338
Chad M. Myeroff, Stephen A. Doxey, and Michael D. McKee
 39 Distal Humerus Fractures 1400
George S. Athwal and Ryan Gao
 40 Elbow Dislocations and Terrible Triad Injuries 1472
Graham J. W . King, Daphne M. Beingessner ,  
and J. Whitcomb Pollock
 41 Fractures of the Proximal Forearm: Olecranon, 
Proximal Radius, and Radial Head 1529
Abhishek Ganta and Nirmal C. Tejwani
 42 Diaphyseal Fractures of the Radius and Ulna 1565
Philipp N. Streubel and Leonid S. Grossman
 43 Fractures of the Distal Radius and Ulna 1629
Marc J. Richard and David S. Ruch
 44 Carpal Fractures and Dislocations 1663
Eric R. Wagner , Sanjeev Kakar , and Michael B. Gottschalk
 45 Hand Fractures and Dislocations 1741
Michael B. Gottschalk, Philipp N. Streubel, Marco Rizzo,  
and John T. Capo
Volume 2
SECTION THREE:  AXIAL SKELETON, PELVIS,  
AND ACETABULUM
 46 Chest Wall Injuries 1851
Niloofar Dehghan
 47 Principles of Spine Trauma Care 1884
Harry M. Lightsey, Mitchel B. Harris, and Daniel G. Tobert
 48 Cervical Spine Fractures and Dislocations 1903
Hai V . Le, Andrew J. Schoenfeld, Wyatt D. Vander Voort,  
and Christopher M. Bono
 49 Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures  
and Dislocations 1986
Alex Kitto, Owen Edwards, and Chadi Tannoury
 50 Pelvic Ring Injuries 2052
Reza Firoozabadi
 51 Acetabulum Fractures 2170
Joshua L. Gary and Kevin D. Phelps
SECTION FOUR: LOWER EXTREMITY
 52 Hip Dislocations and Femoral Head Fractures 2275
Michael S. Kain and Paul Tornetta III
 53 Femoral Neck Fractures 2325
Xavier L. Griffin, Jennifer C. E. Lane, Iain Moppett,  
and Hannah Seymour
 54 Trochanteric Hip Fractures 2380
Martin J. Heetveld and Elvira R. Flikweert
 55 Subtrochanteric Femur Fractures 2412
Jaclyn M. Jankowski and Richard S. Yoon
 56 Atypical Femur Fractures 2435
Yelena Bogdan
 57 Femoral Shaft Fractures 2452
John D. Adams, Jr , and Kyle J. Jeray
 58 Distal Femur Fractures 2527
Cory A. Collinge and Lydia G. Roward
 59 Lower Extremity Periprosthetic Fractures 2572
William M. Ricci
 60 Patellar Fractures and Dislocations  
and Extensor Mechanism Injuries 2641
Philip K. Lim, Christen E. Chalmers, and John A. Scolaro
 61 Knee Dislocations 2681
James P . Stannard and Jarod A. Richards
 62 Tibial Plateau Fractures 2728
Hemil Maniar and Daniel S. Horwitz
 63 Tibia and Fibula Shaft Fractures 2791
Bennet Butler , Christina L. Boulton, and Robert V . O’Toolexxi Contents
 68 Fractures and Dislocations of the Midfoot  
and Forefoot 3049
Kaan Irgit, Thomas A. Schildhauer , Martin F . Hoffmann,  
and Robert F . Ostrum
 69 Regional Anesthesia for Fractures  
and Dislocations 3150
Caitlin Grant and Stuart A. Grant
Index   I-1
 64 Tibial Pilon Fractures 2853
Roy W . Sanders and Christopher D. Flanagan
 65 Ankle Fractures 2895
Timothy O. White and Tom Carter
 66 Fractures and Dislocations of the Talus 2952
David W . Sanders and Clayton I. Inculet
 67 Calcaneus Fractures 3008
Roy W . Sanders and Christopher D. Flanagan