Nursing in Today's World

Reviewers vii
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xiii
UNIT ONE
¦ Moving Into the Profession of Nursing 1
CHAPTER 1 Exploring the Growth of Nursing as a Profession 3
History of Healthcare and Nursing 4
The Nightingale Influence 6
The Beginning of Nursing Education in the United States 9
The Military Influence 13
Developing a Definition for Nursing 14
Characteristics of a Profession 19
Traditions in Nursing 22
The Image of Nursing Today 26
Nursing’s Image and the Nursing Shortage 26
Studies for and About Nursing 28
Defining a Language for Nursing 31
CHAPTER 2 Educational Preparation for Nursing 40
The Nursing Assistant 42
Practical Nurse Education 43
Programs That Prepare Graduates for RN Licensure 45
Similarities Among Traditional Entry-Level Prelicensure Programs 55
Nursing Education at the Graduate Level 56
Other Forms of Nursing Education 57
Other Postlicensure Educational Opportunities 58
Factors That Bring About Changes in Nursing Education 62
Forces for Change in Nursing Education 67
CHAPTER 3 Credentials for Healthcare Providers 74
Approval and Accreditation of Institutions and Programs 75
Credentials for Individuals 79
Nursing Licensure in the United States 80
Obtaining a Nursing License 90
Revocation or Limitation of a License 96
Licensure of Graduates of Foreign Nursing Schools 97
Nursing Licensure Around the World 100
ContentsCertification in Nursing 100
The Future of Credentialing in Healthcare 102
CHAPTER 4 Making Professional Goals a Reality 107
Employment Opportunities Today 108
Competencies of the New Graduate 110
Personal Career Goals 114
Making Goals Reality 116
CHAPTER 5 The World of Healthcare Employment 139
Understanding Organizations 141
Organizational Relationships 144
Shared Governance 150
Magnet Hospitals 151
Patterns of Nursing Care Delivery 152
Workplace Activities That Involve Negotiation 155
UNIT TWO
¦ Understanding Healthcare in Today’s Society 173
CHAPTER 6 Understanding the Healthcare Environment and Its Financing 175
Classification of Healthcare Agencies 176
Understanding Today’s Hospital 179
The Long-Term Care Facility 183
Ambulatory Care Settings 187
Community Agencies 188
Colleagues in Healthcare 190
Paying for Healthcare 193
Cost Control in Healthcare 203
Access to Healthcare 209
Evaluation and Accreditation of Healthcare Agencies 211
Power in the Healthcare System 214
Implications for Nurses 216
CHAPTER 7 Legal Responsibilities for Practice 220
Understanding the Scope of the Law 221
Sources of Law 222
Other Factors Affecting Legal Decisions 224
Classification of Laws 227
Criminal Law and Nursing 227
Civil Law and Nursing 228
Liability 230
Liability Insurance 233
Legal Issues Common in Nursing 235
xvi ContentsFactors That Contribute to Malpractice Claims 248
Preventing Malpractice Claims 249
Elements of a Legal Action 252
The Nurse as Witness 253
CHAPTER 8 Ethical Concerns in Nursing Practice 259
Understanding the Concept of Ethics and Bioethics 262
Basic Ethical Concepts 267
Ethical Theories 273
Applying Basic Concepts 274
Factors That Influence Ethical Decision-Making 277
Personal Values and the Work Environment 283
A Framework for Ethical Decision-Making 285
Specific Ethical Issues Related to the Profession of Nursing 287
The Chemically Impaired Professional 297
Boundary Violations 301
Bioethical Issues Concerning Death 302
CHAPTER 9 Safety Concerns in Healthcare 314
National Organizations and Actions 315
Addressing Safety Concerns 319
CHAPTER 10 The Nursing Profession and the Community 337
Understanding Community-Based Nursing 338
Client Empowerment 339
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Services 339
Social Determinants of Health 342
Healthy People 2030 343
Maintaining Continuity of Care 347
Disaster Response in the Community 350
Complementary and Alternative Healthcare 353
UNIT THREE
¦ Accepting Greater Responsibility in Nursing Practice 367
CHAPTER 11 Initiating the Leadership and Management Role 369
Comparing Leadership and Management 370
Differentiating Between Accountability and Authority 371
Theories of Leadership 372
The Concept of Power 376
Enhancing Your Emotional Intelligence 382
Developing Your Leadership Style 384
Communicating Effectively 385
Using Communication Skills in the Leadership Role 386
Contents xviixviii Contents
Performance Appraisal 388
Time Management 393
CHAPTER 12 Working With Others in a Leadership Role 400
Teams and Healthcare 401
Team Building 407
Becoming a Good Team Member 408
The Coaching Role 410
Motivating Others 410
Leading Change 422
Managing Conflict 430
CHAPTER 13 Facing the Challenges of Today’s Workplace 439
Moving From “Novice to Expert” 440
Reality Shock 442
Burnout 447
Workplace Safety and Health for Nurses 450
CHAPTER 14 Valuing the Political Process 466
Relevance of the Political Process for Nurses 467
Influencing the Political Process 468
The Federal Government’s Role in Healthcare 478
The State Government’s Role in Healthcare 481
Local Political Concerns 482
Federal Healthcare Reform Legislation 483
The Development of Nursing Organizations 484
Nursing Organizations of Today 485
CHAPTER 15 Applying Research and Technology to Nursing Practice 500
Valuing Nursing Research 501
Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing 508
Accessing Resources for Evidence-Based Practice 517
Technology in Healthcare 521
ndex 531