Moore's Clinically Oriented Anatomy

Contents
Pref ace / viii
Ackno wledgments / xi
List of Clinical Blue Boxes / xix
List of T ables / xxiv
Figure Credits / xxvii
Ref erences and Suggested Reading / xxxvi
OVERVIEW AND BASIC
CONCEPTS / 1
Approaches to Studying Anatomy / 2
Regional Anatomy / 2
Sy st emic Anatomy / 3
Clinical Anatomy / 4
Sex and Gender / 4
Anatomicomedical T erminology / 4
Anatomical P osition / 5
Anatomical Planes / 5
T erms of Relationship and Comparison / 6
T erms of Lat er ality / 8
T erms of Movement / 8
Anatomical V ariations / 11
Integument ar y System / 12
Fascias, Fascial Compartments, Bursae, and Potential Spaces / 16
Sk elet al System / 18
Car tilage and Bones / 19
Classi cation of Bones / 20
Bone Mar kings and F ormations / 20
Bone De velopment / 21
V asculatur e and Inner vation of Bones / 22
Joints / 24
Muscle T issue and Muscular System / 28
T ypes of Muscle (Muscle T issue) / 28
Sk elet al Muscles / 30
Cardiac Striat ed Muscle / 36
Smooth Muscle / 36
Cardio vascular System / 37
V ascular Circuits / 37
Blood V essels / 38
L ymphoid System / 42
Ner v ous System / 45
Centr al Ner vous Sy st em / 46
1
Somatic Ner vous Sy st em / 57
Autonomic Ner vous Sy st em / 57
Medical Imaging T echniques / 66
Conventional Radiogr aphy / 66
Comput ed T omogr aphy / 67
Ultr asonogr aphy / 68
Magnetic Resonance Imaging / 68
Nuclear Medicine Imaging / 70
BACK / 71
Overview of Back and Vertebral Column / 72
V er tebr ae / 74
Structur e and Function of V er t ebr ae / 75
Regional Char act eristics of V er t ebr ae / 77
Ossi cation of V er t ebr ae / 87
V ariations in V er t ebr ae / 89
V er tebr al Column / 97
Joints of V er t ebr al Column / 97
Movements of V er t ebr al Column / 103
Cur vatur es of V er t ebr al Column / 104
V asculatur e of V er t ebr al Column / 105
Ner ves of V er t ebr al Column / 106
Muscles of Back / 117
Extrinsic Back Muscles / 118
Intrinsic Back Muscles / 119
Sur f ace Anatomy of Back Muscles / 126
Suboccipit al and Deep Neck Muscles / 126
Contents of V er tebr al Canal / 130
Spinal Cord / 130
Spinal Ner ves and Ner ve Roots / 132
Spinal Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) / 132
Vasculature of Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerve Roots / 137
UPPER LIMB / 142
Ov er view of U pper Limb / 143
Comparison of Upper and Lower Limbs / 144
Bones of U pper Limb / 145
Clavicle / 145
Scapula / 145
Humerus / 148
2
3xvi
Contents
THORAX / 296
Ov er view of Thor ax / 297
Thor acic W all / 297
Sk eleton of Thor acic W all / 299
Thor acic Aper tur es / 303
Joints of Thor acic W all / 304
Movements of Thor acic W all / 306
Muscles of Thor acic W all / 311
Fascia of Thor acic W all / 313
Ner ves of Thor acic W all / 316
V asculatur e of Thor acic W all / 319
Br easts / 321
Sur f ace Anatomy of Thor acic W all / 324
Viscer a of Thor acic Ca vity / 332
Pleur ae, L ungs, and T r acheobr onchial T r ee / 333
Over view of Mediastinum / 355
P ericardium / 355
Hear t / 363
Superior Mediastinum and Gr eat V essels / 390
P ost erior Mediastinum / 396
Ant erior Mediastinum / 401
ABDOMEN / 410
Overview: Walls, Cavities, Regions, and Planes / 412
Anterolater al Abdominal W all / 414
Fascia of Ant er olat er al Abdominal W all / 414
Muscles of Ant er olat er al Abdominal W all / 415
Neur ovasculatur e of Ant er olat er al Abdominal W all / 421
Int ernal Sur f ace of Ant er olat er al Abdominal W all / 429
Inguinal Region / 430
Spermatic Cord, Scr otum, and T est es / 434
Sur f ace Anatomy of Ant er olat er al Abdominal W all / 438
P eritoneum and P eritoneal Ca vity / 445
Embr yology of P eritoneal Cavity / 446
P eritoneal F ormations / 447
Subdivisions of P eritoneal Cavity / 449
Abdominal Viscer a / 454
Overview of Abdominal Viscera and Digestive Tract / 454
Esophagus / 457
Stomach / 458
Small Int estine / 467
Lar ge Int estine / 474
Spleen / 493
Pancr eas / 494
Liver / 497
Biliar y Ducts and Gallbladder / 507
Kidney s, Ur et er s, and Supr ar enal Glands / 521
Inner vation of Abdominal Viscer a / 533
Diaphr agm / 539
V essels and Ner ves of Diaphr agm / 540
Diaphr agmatic Aper tur es / 541
4
5
Bones of Hand / 150
Sur f ace Anatomy of Up per Limb Bones / 153
F ascia of U pper Limb / 160
Vessels and Nerves of Upper Limb / 162
Overview of Arterial Supply of Upper Limb / 162
V enous Dr ainage of Up per Limb / 164
L ymphatic Dr ainage of Up per Limb / 165
Cutaneous and Motor Innervation of Upper Limb / 166
Summary of Peripheral Nerves of Upper Limb / 170
P ector al and Scapular Regions / 173
Ant erior Axio- Ap pendicular Muscles / 173
P ost erior Axio- Ap pendicular and Scapulohumer al Muscles / 175
Surface Anatomy of Pectoral, Scapular, and Deltoid Regions / 182
Axilla / 189
Axillar y Ar t er y / 191
Axillar y V ein / 194
Axillar y L ymph Nodes / 194
Br achial Ple xus / 195
Arm / 207
Muscles of Arm / 207
Br achial Ar t er y / 212
V eins of Arm / 212
Ner ves of Arm / 213
Cubit al F ossa / 215
Surface Anatomy of Arm and Cubital Fossa / 215
Forearm / 221
Compar tments of F or earm / 221
Muscles of F or earm / 221
Ar t eries of F or earm / 234
V eins of F or earm / 236
Ner ves of F or earm / 237
Sur f ace Anatomy of F or earm / 240
Hand / 247
Fascia and Compar tments of Palm / 247
Muscles of Hand / 249
Long Flexor Tendons and Tendon Sheaths in Hand / 255
Ar t eries of Hand / 255
V eins of Hand / 258
Ner ves of Hand / 258
Sur f ace Anatomy of Hand / 262
Joints of U pper Limb / 269
St ernoclavicular Joint / 270
Acr omioclavicular Joint / 272
Glenohumer al Joint / 272
Elbow Joint / 277
Pr oximal Radio-Ulnar Joint / 280
Dist al Radio-Ulnar Joint / 282
W rist Joint / 284
Int ercar pal Joints / 284
Car pomet acar pal and Int ermet acar pal Joints / 287
Met acar pophalangeal and Int er phalangeal Joints / 288 xvii Contents
L ymphatic Dr ainage of Lower Limb / 702
Cut aneous Inner vation of Lower Limb / 703
Motor Inner vation of Lower Limb / 703
P eripher al Ner ves of Lower Limb / 703
P osture and Gait / 711
St anding at Ease / 711
W alking: Gait Cycle / 711
Anterior and Medial Regions of Thigh / 713
Or ganization of Pr oximal Lower Limb / 713
Ant erior Thigh Muscles / 714
Medial Thigh Muscles / 717
Neurovascular Structures and Relationships in Anteromedial
Thigh / 720
Surface Anatomy of Anterior and Medial Regions of Thigh / 725
Gluteal and P osterior Thigh Regions / 731
Glut eal Region: Buttocks and Hip Region / 731
Muscles of Glut eal Region / 732
P ost erior Thigh Region / 738
Neurovascular Structures of Gluteal and Posterior
Thigh Regions / 741
Surface Anatomy of Gluteal and Posterior Thigh Regions / 746
P opliteal Fossa and Leg / 752
P oplit eal Region / 752
Ant erior Compar tment of Leg / 756
Lat er al Compar tment of Leg / 761
P ost erior Compar tment of Leg / 765
Sur f ace Anatomy of Leg / 772
Foot / 778
Skin and Fascia of F oot / 779
Muscles of F oot / 779
Neur ovascular Structur es and Relationships in F oot / 783
Surface Anatomy of Ankle and Foot Regions / 791
Joints of Lo w er Limb / 795
Hip Joint / 795
Knee Joint / 803
T ibio bular Joints / 812
Ankle Joint / 816
F oot Joints / 818
Surface Anatomy of Joints of Knee, Ankle, and Foot / 826
HEAD / 839
Ov er view of Head / 840
Cr anium / 840
Ant erior Aspect of Cr anium / 845
Lat er al Aspect of Cr anium / 847
Occipit al Aspect of Cr anium / 847
Superior Aspect of Cr anium / 848
Ext ernal Sur f ace of Cr anial Base / 848
Int ernal Sur f ace of Cr anial Base / 851
W alls of Cr anial Cavity / 854
Regions of Head / 855
F ace and Scalp / 861
Face / 861
8
P osterior Abdominal W all / 543
Fascia of P ost erior Abdominal W all / 543
Muscles of P ost erior Abdominal W all / 545
Ner ves of P ost erior Abdominal W all / 546
V essels of P ost erior Abdominal W all / 547
Sectional Medical Imaging of Abdomen / 555
PEL VIS AND PERINEUM / 559
Introduction to P elvis and P erineum / 560
P elvic Girdle / 560
Bones and F eatur es of P elvic Girdle / 560
Orient ation of P elvic Girdle / 564
P elvic Girdle Se xual Dif f er ences / 564
Joints and Ligaments of P elvic Girdle / 564
P elvic Ca vity / 571
W alls and Floor of P elvic Cavity / 571
P eritoneum and P eritoneal Cavity of P elvis / 576
P elvic Fascia / 578
Neuro vascular Structures of P elvis / 582
P elvic Ar t eries / 582
P elvic V eins / 588
L ymph Nodes of P elvis / 588
P elvic Ner ves / 589
P elvic Viscer a / 595
Urinar y Or gans / 595
Rectum / 601
Male Int ernal Genit al Or gans / 609
F emale Int ernal Genit al Or gans / 615
L ymphatic Dr ainage of P elvic Viscer a / 633
P erineum / 636
Fasciae and P ouches of Ur ogenit al T riangle / 639
F eatur es of Anal T riangle / 642
Male Ur ogenit al T riangle / 652
F emale Ur ogenit al T riangle / 662
Sectional Imaging of P elvis and P erineum / 668
Magnetic Resonance Imaging / 668
LOWER LIMB / 672
Ov er view of Lo w er Limb / 673
Dev elopment of Lo w er Limb / 674
Bones of Lo w er Limb / 674
Arr angement of Lower Limb Bones / 676
Hip Bone / 677
F emur / 680
Pat ella / 684
T ibia and Fibula / 684
Bones of F oot / 687
F ascia of Lo w er Limb / 696
Subcut aneous T issue / 696
Deep Fascia / 696
Overview of Vessels and Nerves of Lower Limb / 698
Ar t erial Sup ply of Lower Limb / 698
6
7xviii
Contents
F ascia of Neck / 1004
Cer vical Subcut aneous T issue and Platy sma / 1004
Deep Cer vical Fascia / 1006
Super fi cial Structures of Neck: Cer vical Regions / 1008
St ernocleidomastoid Region / 1008
P ost erior Cer vical Region / 1011
Lat er al Cer vical Region / 1011
Ant erior Cer vical Region / 1018
Surface Anatomy of Cervical Regions and Triangles of
Neck / 1024
Deep Structures of Neck / 1031
Pr e ver t ebr al Muscles / 1031
Root of Neck / 1031
Viscer a of Neck / 1037
Endocrine Layer of Cer vical Viscer a / 1037
Respir ator y Layer of Cer vical Viscer a / 1040
Aliment ar y Layer of Cer vical Viscer a / 1051
Surface Anatomy of Endocrine and Respiratory Layers of
Cer vical Viscer a / 1058
L ymphatics of Neck / 1059
SUMMAR Y OF CRANIAL
NER VES / 1071
Ov er view / 1072
Olf actor y Ner v e (CN I) / 1079
Optic Ner v e (CN II) / 1080
Oculomotor Ner v e (CN III) / 1082
T rochlear Ner v e (CN IV) / 1082
T rigeminal Ner v e (CN V) / 1083
Ophthalmic Ner ve (CN V
1
) / 1084
Maxillar y Ner ve (CN V
2
) / 1084
Mandibular Ner ve (CN V
3
) / 1084
Abducent Ner v e (CN VI) / 1084
F acial Ner v e (CN VII) / 1087
Somatic (Br anchial) Motor / 1087
Viscer al (Par asympathetic) Motor / 1087
Somatic (Gener al) Sensor y / 1087
Special Sensor y (T ast e) / 1087
V estibulocochlear Ner v e (CN VIII) / 1089
Glossophar yngeal Ner v e (CN IX) / 1089
Somatic (Br anchial) Motor / 1089
Viscer al (Par asympathetic) Motor / 1089
Somatic (Gener al) Sensor y / 1090
Special Sensor y (T ast e) / 1091
Viscer al Sensor y / 1091
V agus Ner v e (CN X) / 1092
Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI) / 1093
Hypoglossal Ner v e (CN XII) / 1095
INDEX / 1103
10
Muscles of Face and Scalp / 862
Ner ves of Face and Scalp / 867
Super cial V asculatur e of Face and Scalp / 873
Sur f ace Anatomy of Face / 876
Cr anial Meninges / 883
Dur a Mat er / 883
Ar achnoid Mat er and Pia Mat er / 890
Meningeal Spaces / 890
Br ain / 896
Par ts of Br ain / 896
V entricular Sy st em of Br ain / 896
Ar t erial Blood Sup ply to Br ain / 900
V enous Dr ainage of Br ain / 901
Orbits, Ey eball, and Accessor y Visual Structures / 907
Orbits / 907
Ant erior Accessor y Visual Structur es / 909
Eyeball / 912
Extr a-Ocular Muscles of Orbit / 916
Ner ves of Orbit / 922
V asculatur e of Orbit / 923
Surface Anatomy of Eye and Lacrimal Apparatus / 925
Parotid and Temporal Regions, Infratemporal Fossa, and
T emporomandibular Joint / 932
Par otid Region / 932
T empor al Region / 934
Infr at empor al F ossa / 934
Or al Region / 946
Or al Cavity / 946
Lips, Cheeks, and Gingivae / 946
T eeth / 948
Palat e / 952
T ongue / 956
Salivar y Glands / 961
Pter ygopalatine Fossa / 969
Pt er ygopalatine Par t of Maxillar y Ar t er y / 969
Maxillar y Ner ve / 969
Nose / 973
Ext ernal Nose / 973
Nasal Cavities / 974
V asculatur e and Inner vation of Nose / 977
Par anasal Sinuses / 978
Ear / 984
Ext ernal Ear / 984
Middle Ear / 985
Int ernal Ear / 991
NECK / 1000
Ov er view / 1001
Bones of Neck / 1001
Cer vical V er t ebr ae / 1001
Hyoid Bone / 1003
9