Grant's Dissector

xi
Contents
Preface vii
Acknowledgments ix
Figure Credits xvii
Introduction 1
CHAPTER 1
The Back 7
SKIN AND SUPERFICIAL FASCIA OF THE BACK 7
Dissection Overview 7
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 8
? SURFACE ANATOMY 11
Dissection Instructions 12
? SKIN INCISIONS OF THE BACK 12
? SUPERFICIAL FASCIA OF THE BACK 13
Dissection Follow-up 14
SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE BACK 14
Dissection Overview 14
Dissection Instructions 15
? TRAPEZIUS MUSCLE 15
? LATISSIMUS DORSI MUSCLE 15
? RHOMBOID MAJOR AND RHOMBOID MINOR MUSCLES 16
? LEVATOR SCAPULAE MUSCLE 16
Dissection Follow-up 17
INTERMEDIATE AND DEEP MUSCLES OF THE BACK 17
Dissection Overview 17
Dissection Instructions 17
? SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR MUSCLE 17
? SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR MUSCLE 18
? SPLENIUS MUSCLE 18
? ERECTOR SPINAE MUSCLES 18
? SEMISPINALIS CAPITIS MUSCLE 19
? SEMISPINALIS CERVICIS MUSCLE 19
? MULTIFIDUS MUSCLE 19
Dissection Follow-up 20
SUBOCCIPITAL REGION 20
Dissection Overview 20
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 21
Dissection Instructions 21
? SUBOCCIPITAL MUSCLES 21
? CONTENTS OF THE SUBOCCIPITAL TRIANGLE 21
Dissection Follow-up 22
VERTEBRAL CANAL, SPINAL CORD, AND
MENINGES 23
Dissection Overview 23
Dissection Instructions 24
? LAMINECTOMY 24
? SPINAL MENINGES 25
Dissection Follow-up 27
CHAPTER 2
The Upper Limb 29
SKIN AND SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE BACK 29
SHOULDER REGION AND POSTERIOR ARM 30
Dissection Overview 30
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 30
? SURFACE ANATOMY 30
Dissection Instructions 31
? SKIN INCISIONS OF THE POSTERIOR ARM 31
? POSTERIOR SHOULDER MUSCLES 32
? ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES 33
? SUPRASCAPULAR ARTERY AND NERVE 33
? POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE ARM 33
Dissection Follow-up 34
PECTORAL REGION AND SUPERFICIAL FASCIA OF
THE UPPER LIMB 35
Dissection Overview 35
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 35
? SURFACE ANATOMY 36
Dissection Instructions 38
? SKIN INCISIONS OF THE PECTORAL REGION 38
? BREAST 38
? SUPERFICIAL FASCIA OF THE PECTORAL REGION 39
? SKIN INCISIONS OF THE ARM AND FOREARM 40
? SUPERFICIAL VEINS OF THE UPPER LIMB 40
? CUTANEOUS NERVES AND UPPER LIMB FASCIA 40
Dissection Follow-up 41
MUSCLES OF THE PECTORAL REGION 42
Dissection Overview 42
Dissection Instructions 42
? PECTORALIS MAJOR 42
? PECTORALIS MINOR AND THORACOACROMIAL ARTERY 43
Dissection Follow-up 43
AXILLA 44
Dissection Overview 44
Dissection Instructions 44
? AXILLA 44
? AXILLARY ARTERY 45
? BRACHIAL PLEXUS 46
Dissection Follow-up 48
ARM (BRACHIUM) AND CUBITAL FOSSA 49
Dissection Overview 49
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 50
Dissection Instructions 51
? ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE ARM MUSCLES 51
? NEUROVASCULATURE OF THE ARM 52
? CUBITAL FOSSA 53
Dissection Follow-up 54xii ? CONTENTS
FLEXOR REGION OF THE FOREARM 55
Dissection Overview 55
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 55
Dissection Instructions 56
? SUPERFICIAL LAYER OF FLEXOR MUSCLES 56
? INTERMEDIATE LAYER OF FLEXOR MUSCLES 56
? VESSELS AND NERVES OF THE ANTERIOR FOREARM 58
? DEEP LAYER OF FLEXOR MUSCLES 61
Dissection Follow-up 62
PALM OF THE HAND 62
Dissection Overview 62
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 63
Dissection Instructions 63
? SKIN INCISIONS OF THE PALM 63
? SUPERFICIAL PALM 64
? CARPAL TUNNEL 65
? THENAR MUSCLES 67
? HYPOTHENAR MUSCLES 67
? DEEP PALM 68
Dissection Follow-up 69
EXTENSOR REGION OF THE FOREARM AND
DORSUM OF THE HAND 70
Dissection Overview 70
Dissection Instructions 70
? CUTANEOUS NERVES AND SUPERFICIAL VEINS OF THE
POSTERIOR FOREARM 70
? SUPERFICIAL LAYER OF EXTENSOR MUSCLES 70
? DEEP LAYER OF EXTENSOR MUSCLES 72
Dissection Follow-up 75
JOINTS OF THE UPPER LIMB 75
Dissection Overview 75
Dissection Instructions 76
? STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT 76
? ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT 76
? GLENOHUMERAL JOINT 77
? ELBOW AND PROXIMAL RADIOULNAR JOINTS 78
? INTERMEDIATE AND DISTAL RADIOULNAR JOINTS 80
? METACARPOPHALANGEAL AND INTERPHALANGEAL
JOINTS 80
Dissection Follow-up 81
CHAPTER 3
The Thorax 83
PECTORAL REGION 83
INTERCOSTAL SPACE AND INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES 84
Dissection Overview 84
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 84
Dissection Instructions 85
? INTERCOSTAL SPACE AND INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES 85
Dissection Follow-up 87
ANTERIOR THORACIC WALL AND PLEURAL
CAVITIES 87
Dissection Overview 87
Dissection Instructions 87
? WINDOW THROUGH THE THORACIC WALL 87
? REMOVAL OF THE ANTERIOR THORACIC WALL 88
? ANTERIOR THORACIC WALL 89
? PLEURAL CAVITIES 89
Dissection Follow-up 91
LUNGS 92
Dissection Overview 92
Dissection Instructions 92
? LUNGS IN THE THORAX 92
? REMOVAL OF THE RIGHT LUNG 93
? REMOVAL OF THE LEFT LUNG 94
Dissection Follow-up 95
MEDIASTINUM 96
Dissection Overview 96
Dissection Instructions 96
? INFERIOR MEDIASTINUM 96
? HEART IN THE MEDIASTINUM 97
? REMOVAL OF THE HEART 98
Dissection Follow-up 99
EXTERNAL FEATURES OF THE HEART 99
Dissection Overview 99
Dissection Instructions 100
? SURFACE FEATURES AND VALVES OF THE
REMOVED HEART 100
? CARDIAC VEINS 101
? CORONARY ARTERIES 102
Dissection Follow-up 103
INTERNAL FEATURES OF THE HEART 103
Dissection Overview 103
Dissection Instructions 104
? RIGHT ATRIUM 104
? RIGHT VENTRICLE 105
? LEFT ATRIUM 106
? LEFT VENTRICLE 106
Dissection Follow-up 107
SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM 107
Dissection Overview 107
Dissection Instructions 108
? SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM 108
Dissection Follow-up 110
POSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM 110
Dissection Overview 110
Dissection Instructions 110
? POSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM 110
Dissection Follow-up 112
CHAPTER 4
The Abdomen 113
SUPERFICIAL FASCIA OF THE ANTEROLATERAL
ABDOMINAL WALL 114
Dissection Overview 114
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 114
? SURFACE ANATOMY 115
Dissection Instructions 116
? SKIN INCISIONS OF THE ABDOMEN 116
? SUPERFICIAL FASCIA OF THE ABDOMEN 117
Dissection Follow-up 118
MUSCLES OF THE ANTEROLATERAL
ABDOMINAL WALL 118
Dissection Overview 118
Dissection Instructions 118
? EXTERNAL OBLIQUE MUSCLE 118
? INTERNAL OBLIQUE MUSCLE 119
? TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS MUSCLE 121
? RECTUS ABDOMINIS MUSCLE 122
? EPIGASTRIC VESSELS AND DEEP INGUINAL RING 123
Dissection Follow-up 124 CONTENTS ? xiii
REFLECTION OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL 125
Dissection Overview 125
Dissection Instructions 125
? ABDOMINAL QUADRANT REFLECTIONS 125
? ABDOMINAL WALL REFLECTION 125
? ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL 126
Dissection Follow-up 127
PERITONEUM AND PERITONEAL CAVITY 127
Dissection Overview 127
Dissection Instructions 128
? ABDOMINAL VISCERA 128
? REFLECTION OF THE DIAPHRAGM 129
? PERITONEUM 129
Dissection Follow-up 131
CELIAC TRUNK, STOMACH, SPLEEN, LIVER, AND
GALLBLADDER 131
Dissection Overview 131
Dissection Instructions 132
? STOMACH AND VISCERAL SURFACE OF THE LIVER 132
? PORTAL TRIAD 133
? CELIAC TRUNK 133
? SPLEEN 134
? LIVER 135
? GALLBLADDER 136
Dissection Follow-up 137
SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY AND
SMALL INTESTINE 137
Dissection Overview 137
Dissection Instructions 138
? SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY AND VEIN 138
? SMALL INTESTINE 140
Dissection Follow-up 141
INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY AND LARGE
INTESTINE 141
Dissection Overview 141
Dissection Instructions 141
? INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY AND VEIN 141
? LARGE INTESTINE 142
Dissection Follow-up 143
DUODENUM, PANCREAS, AND HEPATIC
PORTAL VEIN 143
Dissection Overview 143
Dissection Instructions 143
? DUODENUM 143
? PANCREAS 144
? HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN 144
Dissection Follow-up 145
REMOVAL OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT 145
Dissection Overview 145
Dissection Instructions 146
? OPENING THE STOMACH 146
? OPENING THE SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINES 146
? REMOVAL OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT 148
Dissection Follow-up 149
POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL VISCERA 149
Dissection Overview 149
Dissection Instructions 150
? RETROPERITONEAL VASCULATURE 150
? KIDNEYS 150
? SUPRARENAL (ADRENAL) GLANDS 153
? ABDOMINAL AORTA AND INFERIOR VENA CAVA 154
Dissection Follow-up 155
POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL 155
Dissection Overview 155
Dissection Instructions 155
? MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL 155
? LUMBAR PLEXUS 155
? ABDOMINAL PART OF THE SYMPATHETIC TRUNK 157
Dissection Follow-up 157
DIAPHRAGM 158
Dissection Overview 158
Dissection Instructions 158
? DIAPHRAGM 158
Dissection Follow-up 159
CHAPTER 5
The Pelvis and Perineum 161
ANAL TRIANGLE 162
Dissection Overview 162
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 162
? SURFACE ANATOMY 163
Dissection Instructions 164
? SKIN INCISIONS OF THE GLUTEAL REGION 164
? SUPERFICIAL FASCIA OF THE GLUTEAL REGION AND THE
ISCHIOANAL FOSSA 165
Dissection Follow-up 166
MALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA AND PERINEUM 166
Dissection Overview 166
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 167
? SURFACE ANATOMY 167
Dissection Instructions 168
? SCROTUM 168
? SPERMATIC CORD 169
? TESTIS 169
Dissection Follow-up 170
MALE UROGENITAL TRIANGLE 170
Dissection Overview 170
Dissection Instructions 171
? SKIN INCISIONS OF THE MALE UROGENITAL TRIANGLE 171
? MALE SUPERFICIAL PERINEAL POUCH 172
? PENIS 173
? SPONGY (PENILE) URETHRA 174
? MALE DEEP PERINEAL POUCH 175
Dissection Follow-up 175
MALE PELVIC CAVITY 176
Dissection Overview 176
Dissection Instructions 176
? MALE PELVIC PERITONEUM 176
? SECTION OF THE MALE PELVIS 177
? MALE INTERNAL GENITALIA 178
Dissection Follow-up 180
MALE URINARY BLADDER, RECTUM, AND
ANAL CANAL 180
Dissection Overview 180
Dissection Instructions 181
? MALE URINARY BLADDER 181
? MALE RECTUM AND ANAL CANAL 182
Dissection Follow-up 183
MALE INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY AND
SACRAL PLEXUS 183
Dissection Overview 183
Dissection Instructions 183
? MALE PELVIC BLOOD VESSELS 183
? MALE PELVIC NERVES 185
Dissection Follow-up 186xiv ? CONTENTS
MALE PELVIC DIAPHRAGM 186
Dissection Overview 186
Dissection Instructions 186
? MALE PELVIC DIAPHRAGM 186
Dissection Follow-up 188
FEMALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA, UROGENITAL
TRIANGLE, AND PERINEUM 188
Dissection Overview 188
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 189
? SURFACE ANATOMY 190
Dissection Instructions 191
? LABIUM MAJUS (pl. LABIA MAJORA) 191
? SKIN INCISIONS OF THE FEMALE UROGENITAL
TRIANGLE 191
? FEMALE SUPERFICIAL PERINEAL POUCH AND
CLITORIS 192
? FEMALE DEEP PERINEAL POUCH 193
Dissection Follow-up 194
FEMALE PELVIC CAVITY 195
Dissection Overview 195
Dissection Instructions 195
? FEMALE PELVIC PERITONEUM 195
? BROAD LIGAMENT 196
? SECTION OF THE FEMALE PELVIS 197
? FEMALE INTERNAL GENITALIA 198
Dissection Follow-up 200
FEMALE URINARY BLADDER, RECTUM, AND
ANAL CANAL 200
Dissection Overview 200
Dissection Instructions 200
? FEMALE URINARY BLADDER 200
? FEMALE RECTUM AND ANAL CANAL 201
Dissection Follow-up 202
FEMALE INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY AND
SACRAL PLEXUS 203
Dissection Overview 203
Dissection Instructions 203
? FEMALE PELVIC BLOOD VESSELS 203
? FEMALE PELVIC NERVES 204
Dissection Follow-up 205
FEMALE PELVIC DIAPHRAGM 206
Dissection Overview 206
Dissection Instructions 206
? FEMALE PELVIC DIAPHRAGM 206
Dissection Follow-up 208
CHAPTER 6
The Lower Limb 209
SUPERFICIAL FASCIA OF THE LOWER LIMB 209
Dissection Overview 209
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 210
? SURFACE ANATOMY 210
Dissection Instructions 211
? SKIN INCISIONS OF THE LOWER LIMB 211
? SUPERFICIAL FASCIA OF THE POSTERIOR
LOWER LIMB 212
? SUPERFICIAL FASCIA OF THE ANTERIOR
LOWER LIMB 214
Dissection Follow-up 215
ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH 215
Dissection Overview 215
Dissection Instructions 216
? SAPHENOUS OPENING 216
? FEMORAL TRIANGLE 217
? ADDUCTOR CANAL AND SARTORIUS MUSCLE 219
? QUADRICEPS FEMORIS MUSCLE 219
? TENSOR OF FASCIA LATA MUSCLE 220
Dissection Follow-up 221
MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH 222
Dissection Overview 222
Dissection Instructions 222
? MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH 222
Dissection Follow-up 224
GLUTEAL REGION 224
Dissection Overview 224
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 224
Dissection Instructions 226
? GLUTEUS MAXIMUS MUSCLE 226
? GLUTEUS MEDIUS AND MINIMUS MUSCLES 226
? EXTERNAL ROTATORS OF THE HIP 228
Dissection Follow-up 228
POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH AND
POPLITEAL FOSSA 229
Dissection Overview 229
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 229
Dissection Instructions 230
? POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH 230
? POPLITEAL FOSSA 232
Dissection Follow-up 233
POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG 234
Dissection Overview 234
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 235
Dissection Instructions 235
? SUPERFICIAL COMPARTMENT OF POSTERIOR LEG 235
? DEEP COMPARTMENT OF POSTERIOR LEG 235
Dissection Follow-up 238
LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG 239
Dissection Overview 239
Dissection Instructions 239
? LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG 239
Dissection Follow-up 240
ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG AND
DORSUM OF THE FOOT 240
Dissection Overview 240
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 240
Dissection Instructions 242
? CRURAL FASCIA 242
? ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG 242
? DORSUM OF THE FOOT 244
Dissection Follow-up 244
SOLE OF THE FOOT 245
Dissection Overview 245
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 245
Dissection Instructions 246
? SKIN INCISIONS OF THE SOLE OF THE FOOT 246
? PLANTAR APONEUROSIS AND CUTANEOUS NERVES 246
? FIRST LAYER OF THE SOLE OF THE FOOT 247
? SECOND LAYER OF THE SOLE OF THE FOOT 248
? THIRD LAYER OF THE SOLE OF THE FOOT 249
? FOURTH LAYER OF THE SOLE OF THE FOOT 250
Dissection Follow-up 251 CONTENTS ? xv
JOINTS OF THE LOWER LIMB 252
Dissection Overview 252
Dissection Instructions 253
? HIP JOINT 253
? KNEE JOINT POSTERIOR APPROACH 254
? KNEE JOINT ANTERIOR APPROACH 255
? ANKLE JOINT 256
? JOINTS OF INVERSION AND EVERSION 258
Dissection Follow-up 259
CHAPTER 7
The Head and Neck 261
SUPERFICIAL NECK 262
Dissection Overview 262
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 263
? SURFACE ANATOMY 263
Dissection Instructions 264
? SKIN INCISIONS OF THE NECK 264
? POSTERIOR TRIANGLE OF THE NECK 265
Dissection Follow-up 266
ANTERIOR TRIANGLE OF THE NECK 267
Dissection Overview 267
Dissection Instructions 267
? SUPERFICIAL FASCIA OF THE ANTERIOR TRIANGLE 267
? MUSCULAR TRIANGLE 267
? SUBMANDIBULAR TRIANGLE 268
? SUBMENTAL TRIANGLE 269
? CAROTID TRIANGLE 269
? EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY 271
Dissection Follow-up 272
THYROID AND PARATHYROID GLANDS 273
Dissection Overview 273
Dissection Instructions 273
? THYROID AND PARATHYROID GLANDS 273
Dissection Follow-up 274
ROOT OF THE NECK 275
Dissection Overview 275
Dissection Instructions 275
? ROOT OF THE NECK 275
? SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY 276
Dissection Follow-up 277
FACE 278
Dissection Overview 278
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 278
? SURFACE ANATOMY 281
Dissection Instructions 282
? SKIN INCISIONS OF THE FACE 282
? SUPERFICIAL FASCIA OF THE FACE AND THE
FACIAL NERVE 282
? FACIAL ARTERY AND VEIN 284
? MUSCLES AROUND THE ORBITAL OPENING 284
? MUSCLES AROUND THE ORAL OPENING 284
? SENSORY NERVES OF THE FACE 285
Dissection Follow-up 286
PAROTID REGION 287
Dissection Overview 287
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 287
Dissection Instructions 288
? PAROTID REGION 288
Dissection Follow-up 289
SCALP 289
Dissection Overview 289
Dissection Instructions 290
? SCALP 290
Dissection Follow-up 291
TEMPORAL AND INFRATEMPORAL REGIONS 292
Dissection Overview 292
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 292
Dissection Instructions 294
? MASSETER MUSCLE AND REMOVAL OF THE
ZYGOMATIC ARCH 294
? TEMPORAL REGION 294
? INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA 294
? MAXILLARY ARTERY 296
? PTERYGOID MUSCLES 296
? TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT 297
Dissection Follow-up 298
INTERIOR OF THE SKULL 299
Dissection Overview 299
Dissection Instructions 299
? REMOVAL OF THE CALVARIA 299
? CRANIAL MENINGES 300
Dissection Follow-up 302
BRAIN REMOVAL, DURAL INFOLDINGS, AND
DURAL VENOUS SINUSES 302
Dissection Overview 302
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 302
Dissection Instructions 303
? REMOVAL OF THE BRAIN 303
? DURAL INFOLDINGS 304
? DURAL VENOUS SINUSES 305
Dissection Follow-up 305
GROSS ANATOMY OF THE BRAIN 305
Dissection Overview 305
Dissection Instructions 306
? BRAIN 306
? BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE BRAIN 306
? CRANIAL NERVES 307
Dissection Follow-up 308
CRANIAL FOSSAE 308
Dissection Overview 308
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 308
Dissection Instructions 310
? ANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA 310
? MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA 310
? POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA 312
Dissection Follow-up 313
ORBIT 313
Dissection Overview 313
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 314
? SURFACE ANATOMY 315
Dissection Instructions 316
? EYELID AND LACRIMAL APPARATUS 316
? RIGHT ORBIT FROM THE SUPERIOR APPROACH 317
? CONTENTS OF THE ORBIT 317
? LEFT ORBIT FROM THE ANTERIOR APPROACH 319
Dissection Follow-up 321xvi ? CONTENTS
DISARTICULATION OF THE HEAD 322
Dissection Overview 322
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 322
Dissection Instructions 323
? RETROPHARYNGEAL SPACE 323
? DISARTICULATION OF THE HEAD 324
? PREVERTEBRAL AND LATERAL VERTEBRAL REGIONS 324
Dissection Follow-up 325
PHARYNX 325
Dissection Overview 325
Dissection Instructions 326
? MUSCLES OF THE PHARYNGEAL WALL 326
? NERVES OF THE PHARYNX 327
? OPENING THE PHARYNX 328
? BISECTION OF THE HEAD 329
? INTERNAL ASPECT OF THE PHARYNX 329
Dissection Follow-up 330
NOSE AND NASAL CAVITY 331
Dissection Overview 331
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 331
? SURFACE ANATOMY 332
Dissection Instructions 333
? NASAL SEPTUM 333
? LATERAL WALL OF THE NASAL CAVITY 333
Dissection Follow-up 335
THE PALATE AND PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA 335
Dissection Overview 335
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 336
Dissection Instructions 337
? SOFT PALATE 337
? TONSILLAR FOSSA 339
? PALATINE CANAL AND PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA 339
Dissection Follow-up 341
ORAL REGION 341
Dissection Overview 341
? SURFACE ANATOMY 341
Dissection Instructions 342
? TONGUE 342
? BISECTION OF THE TONGUE AND MANDIBLE 343
? SUBLINGUAL REGION 343
Dissection Follow-up 345
LARYNX 346
Dissection Overview 346
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 346
Dissection Instructions 347
? INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE LARYNX 347
? INTERIOR OF THE LARYNX 348
Dissection Follow-up 349
EAR 349
Dissection Overview 349
? SKELETAL ANATOMY 350
? SURFACE ANATOMY 350
Dissection Instructions 351
? TYMPANIC CAVITY FROM THE SUPERIOR APPROACH 351
? SECTIONING THE TYMPANIC CAVITY 352
? WALLS OF THE TYMPANIC CAVITY 353
Dissection Follow-up 354
Index 355