Dermatology

Authors v
Editors vii
Preface ix
Acknowledgements xi
1. Science and Research 1
Structure and Function 1
Embryology 15
Genetics 15
Carcinogenesis 19
Photobiology 22
Immunology and Inflammation 25
Wound Healing 35
Pharmacology 36
Laboratory Techniques 38
Epidemiology and Statistics 41
2. Nonneoplastic Disorders 49
Papulosquamous Disorders and Palmoplantar
Keratodermas 49
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Psoriasis: Group 1 49
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Reactive Arthritis 54
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Geographic Tongue: Group 2 55
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Parapsoriasis: Group 2 55
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Pityriasis Lichenoides 56
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Pityriasis Rosea: Group 1 56
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Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris: Group 2 58
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Spotlight on Hereditary Palmoplantar Keratodermas 59
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Granular Parakeratosis 62
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Acanthosis Nigricans: Group 1 62
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Confluent and Reticulated Papillomatosis 64
Eczematous Dermatoses and Related Disorders 64
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Atopic dermatitis: Group 1 65
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Asteatotic Dermatitis 67
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Dyshidrotic Eczema 67
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Nummular Dermatitis: Group 1 68
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Seborrheic Dermatitis Group 1 68
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Stasis Dermatitis: Group 1 69
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Contact Dermatitis: Group 1 70
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Ichthyosis Vulgaris: Group 2 78
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Spotlight on Hereditary Ichthyoses and
Erythrokeratodermas 79
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Keratosis Pilaris 79
Pigmentary Disorders 83
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Vitiligo: Group 1 84
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Erythema Dyschromicum Perstans 85
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Pigmentary Demarcation Lines 87
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Prurigo Pigmentosa 88
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Spotlight on Incontinentia Pigmenti 88
Vesiculobullous Disorders 93
n Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis: Group 2 93
n Pemphigus Foliaceus 96
n Pemphigus Vulgaris: Group 2 96
n Immunoglobulin A Pemphigus 98
n Paraneoplastic Pemphigus 99
n Spotlight on Hailey-Hailey Disease and Darier Disease 100
n Grover Disease 102
n Bullous Pemphigoid: Group 2 102
n Linear Immunoglobulin A Bullous Dermatosis 105
n Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid 106
n Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita 107
n Dermatitis Herpetiformis: Group 2 107
Interface Dermatoses and Other Connective
Tissue Disorders 110
n Lichen Planus: Group 1 111
n Lichenoid Drug Eruption: Group 2 114
n Lichen Striatus: Group 2 114
n Lichen Nitidus 115
n Erythema Multiforme: Group 1 116
n Stevens- Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal
Necrolysis: Group 1 117
n Fixed Drug Eruption: Group 2 119
n Toxic Erythema of Chemotherapy 120
n Graft- V ersus- Host Disease 120
n Lupus Erythematosus: Group 1 121
n Dermatomyositis: Group 1 127
n Lichen Sclerosus: Group 2 129
n Morphea: Group 2 131
n Systemic Sclerosis: Group 2 134
n Eosinophilic Fasciitis 135
n Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis 136
n Relapsing Polychondritis 136
n Rheumatoid Arthritis 136
n Adult-Onset Still Disease 137
n Acquired Perforating Dermatosis 137
n Spotlight on Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum 141
Panniculitis and Lipodystrophy 144
n Erythema Nodosum: Group 2 144
n Lipodermatosclerosis: Group 2 147
n Spotlight on Hereditary Lipodystrophies 149
Urticaria and Other Erythemas 150
n Urticaria: Group 1 150
n Spotlight on Hereditary Angioedema 153
n Erythema Annulare Centrifugum 154
n Morbilliform Drug Eruption: Group 1 154
n Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic
Symptoms 155
n Polymorphic Eruption of Pregnancy 157
n Kawasaki Disease 158
Livedo Reticularis, Purpura, and Other Vascular
Disorders 158
n Livedo Reticularis: Group 1 161
n Livedoid Vasculopathy: Group 2 162
Contents n
Spotlight on Neonatal Purpura Fulminans 164
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Malignant Atrophic Papulosis 164
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Cholesterol Emboli 164
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Calciphylaxis: Group 2 165
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Pigmented Purpura: Group 2 168
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Small Vessel Vasculitis: Group 1 169
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Serum Sickness-Like Eruption 170
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Immunoglobulin A Vasculitis 171
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Urticarial Vasculitis 171
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Erythema Elevatum Diutinum 172
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Cryoglobulinemia 172
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Anti neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Vasculitis 174
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Polyarteritis Nodosa: Group 2 176
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Giant Cell Arteritis 177
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Edema Blister 177
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Lymphedema 178
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Venous Ulcer 178
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Arterial Ulcer 180
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Diffuse Dermal Angiomatosis 180
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Erythromelalgia 181
Neurocutaneous and Psychocutaneous
Disorders 181
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Prurigo Nodularis: Group 1 181
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Lichen Simplex Chronicus: Group 2 183
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Complex Regional Pain Syndrome 184
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Spotlight on Familial Dysautonomia 185
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Delusions of Parasitosis 186
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Excoriation Disorder 186
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Factitial Dermatitis: Group 2 187
Disorders of Sebaceous, Apocrine, and Eccrine
Glands 188
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Acne Vulgaris: Group 1 188
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Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Group 2 193
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Rosacea: Group 1 194
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Periorificial Dermatitis: Group 1 196
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Lupus Miliaris Disseminatus Faciei 197
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Hyperhidrosis 197
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Spotlight on Ectodermal Dysplasias 198
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Miliaria 200
Disorders of the Hair and Nails 200
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Alopecia Areata: Group 1 200
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Trichotillomania 203
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Androgenetic Alopecia 204
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Traction Alopecia 205
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Anagen Effluvium 205
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Telogen Effluvium 205
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Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia/Lichen Planopilaris 206
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Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia 208
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Acne Keloidalis 208
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Dissecting Cellulitis of the Scalp 209
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Hypertrichosis 210
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Beau Lines: Group 2 211
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Spotlight on Pachyonychia Congenita 213
Neutrophilic and Eosinophilic Dermatoses 215
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Sweet Syndrome: Group 2 215
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Neutrophilic Eccrine Hidradenitis 217
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Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis 217
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Behçet Disease 219
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Pyoderma Gangrenosum: Group 1 219
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Spotlight on Syndromic Pyoderma Gangrenosum 222
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Bowel- Associated Der matosis- Arthritis Syndr ome 222
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Granuloma Faciale 223
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Eosinophilic Pustular Folliculitis 223
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Wells Syndrome 224
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Hypereosinophilic Syndrome 225
Noninfectious Granulomas, Histiocytoses, and
Xanthomas 225
n Sarcoidosis: Group 2 226
n Spotlight on Blau syndrome 230
n Granuloma Annulare: Group 1 230
n Necrobiosis Lipoidica: Group 2 232
n Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis 233
n Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma 234
nXanthoma 236
Depositional Disorders, Porphyrias, and Nutritional
Deficiencies 237
nScleromyxedema 240
nScleredema 240
nAmyloidosis 243
nGout 245
n Spotlight on Lipoid Proteinosis 248
n Porphyria Cutanea Tarda: Group 2 248
n Zinc Deficiency 252
3. Infections, Infestations, and Other Animal
Kingdom Encounters 265
Viral Diseases 265
n Herpes Simplex: Group 1 265
n Eczema Herpeticum: Group 1 272
n Varicella: Group 1 272
n Herpes Zoster: Group 1 273
n Infectious Mononucleosis 274
n Cytomegalovirus Infection 275
n Rubeola, Rubella, and Roseola 277
n Wart: Group 1 278
n Spotlight on Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis 280
n Molluscum Contagiosum: Group 1 280
n Erythema Infectiosum 283
n Coronavirus Disease 2019 283
nDengue 284
n Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease: Group 2 284
Bacterial Diseases 285
n Impetigo: Group 1 288
n Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome 289
n Scarlet Fever 290
n Toxic Shock Syndrome 291
n Cellulitis: Group 1 291
nErysipelas 292
n Necrotizing Fasciitis 292
n Bacterial Abscess 293
n Spotlight on Chronic Granulomatous Disease 294
n Bacterial Folliculitis 294
nParonychia 295
n Pitted Keratolysis: Group 2 295
nErythrasma 296
nAnthrax 297
nActinomycosis 298
n Septic Vasculitis and Infective
Endocarditis 298
n Ecthyma Gangrenosum 300
nVibriosis 301
n Cat Scratch Disease 303
n Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 303
n Lyme Disease 304
nSyphilis 308
nTuberculosis 309
nLeprosy 313
Fungal Diseases 315
n Tinea Versicolor: Group 1 315 n
Tinea Nigra 317
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Piedra 318
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Tinea: Group 1 318
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Tinea Capitis 320
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Onychomycosis: Group 1 321
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Candidiasis: Group 1 322
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Spotlight on Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis 324
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Blastomycosis, Chromoblastomycosis, and
Paracoccidioidomycosis 325
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Coccidioidomycosis 327
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Histoplasmosis and Talaromycosis 327
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Cryptococcosis 329
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Lobomycosis 329
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Sporotrichosis: Group 2 330
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Angioinvasive Fungal Infection 331
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Mycetoma 333
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Protothecosis 333
Parasitic Diseases and Other Animal Kingdom
Encounters 334
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Leishmaniasis 334
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Cutaneous Larva Migrans: Group 2 336
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Spotlight on Hyper-Immunoglobulin E Syndromes 343
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Scabies and Lice: Group 1 343
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Arthropod Bites: Group 2 347
4. Disorders Due to Physical Agents 353
Photodermatoses 353
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Polymorphous Light Eruption: Group 2 353
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Hydroa Vacciniforme 354
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Chronic Actinic Dermatitis 355
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Solar Urticaria 355
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Spotlight on Xeroderma Pigmentosum 356
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Photoallergic/Phototoxic Eruption: Group 2 358
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Poikiloderma of Civatte: Group 2 359
Other Physical Agents 360
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Erythema Ab Igne 363
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Pernio 363
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Spotlight on Sickle Cell Disease 364
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Black Heel and Palm 364
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Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Helicis: Group 2 365
5. Neoplasms and Cysts 367
Epidermal Neoplasms 367
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Seborrheic Keratosis: Group 1 367
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Epidermal Nevus 369
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Clear Cell Acanthoma 370
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Basal Cell Carcinoma: Group 1 370
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Spotlight on Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome 374
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Porokeratosis: Group 2 375
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Actinic Keratosis: Group 1 376
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Group 1 377
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Keratoacanthoma 381
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Mammary Paget Disease and
Extramammary Paget Disease 381
Melanocytic Neoplasms 382
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Lentigo Simplex: Group 1 382
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Dermal Melanocytosis 385
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Blue Nevus: Group 2 386
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Nevocellular Nevus and Atypical Nevus: Group 1 387
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Congenital Melanocytic Nevus 389
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Nevus Spilus: Group 2 390
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Halo Nevus 390
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Spitz Nevus: Group 2 391
n Melanoma: Group 1 393
n Spotlight on Familial Atypical Multiple
Mole Melanoma Syndrome 398
Fibrous Neoplasms 399
n Keloid: Group 1 399
n Angiofibroma: Group 2 401
n Spotlight on Tuberous Sclerosis 402
n Dermatofibroma: Group 1 403
n Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans 406
n Atypical Fibroxanthoma 406
n Epithelioid Sarcoma 406
Adipose Neoplasms 407
nHibernoma 409
nLipoma 409
n Spotlight on Cowden Syndrome 411
Vascular Malformations and Neoplasms 412
n Angiokeratoma: Group 2 412
n Capillary Malformation: Group 2 413
n Venous Malformation 415
n Lymphatic Malformation 417
n Arteriovenous Malformation 418
n Hemangioma: Group 1 419
n Spotlight on PHACE(S) Syndrome and
LUMBAR Syndrome 422
n Pyogenic Granuloma: Group 2 423
n Cherry Angioma 424
n Tufted Angioma and Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma 424
n Kaposi Sarcoma: Group 2 426
nAngiosarcoma 428
n Glomus Tumor and Glomuvenous Malformation 429
Neural Malformations and Neoplasms 430
n Aplasia Cutis Congenita 431
nNeurofibroma 432
nSchwannoma 432
n Spotlight on Neurofibromatosis: Group 2 434
nNeuroma 435
n Granular Cell Tumor 436
n Merkel Cell Carcinoma 437
Neoplasms of Sebaceous, Apocrine,
and Eccrine Glands 439
n Nevus Sebaceous: Group 2 439
n Sebaceous Gland Hyperplasia: Group 1 440
n Sebaceous Adenoma and Sebaceoma 441
n Sebaceous Carcinoma 442
n Spotlight on Muir-Torre Syndrome 443
n Cylindroma and Spiradenoma 443
n Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum and Hidradenoma
Papilliferum 444
nHidradenoma 446
nPoroma 446
n Syringoma: Group 2 446
n Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma 448
n Mucinous Carcinoma 450
Neoplasms of the Hair and Nails 450
n Nevus Comedonicus 452
nTrichoepithelioma 453
n Spotlight on Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome 455
nTricholemmoma 455
nPilomatricoma 457
nOnychomatricoma 458
Other Malformations and Neoplasms 459
n Accessory Tragus 459
n Rudimentary Supernumerary Digit 460 n
Leiomyoma 461
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Spotlight on Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and
Renal Cell Cancer 462
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Becker Nevus: Group 2 462
Cysts and Pseudocysts 464
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Epidermoid Cyst 464
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Spotlight on Gardner Syndrome 467
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Hidrocystoma 467
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Digital Mucous Cyst 468
Hematolymphoid Neoplasms and Solid Organ
Metastases 470
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Cutaneous T- Cell Lymphoma: Group 1 471
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Lymphomatoid Papulosis 472
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Cutaneous B- Cell Lymphoma 476
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Cutaneous Lymphoid Hyperplasia 476
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Leukemia Cutis 478
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Spotlight on Mastocytosis 480
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Solid Organ Metastasis 481
6. Medical Treatments 487
Immunosuppressants and Immunomodulators 487
Antihistamines and Related Drugs 497
Retinoids 497
Hormonal Drugs 500
Antimicrobials 501
Antineoplastics 511
Miscellaneous Drugs 523
7. Physical Treatments 529
Phototherapy 529
Photodynamic Therapy 529
Radiation Therapy 531
Cryosurgery 532
Electrocautery and Electrosurgery 533
8. Surgery 537
Surgical Anatomy 537
Preoperative Considerations 545
Anesthetics and Antiseptics 546
Surgical Instruments and Materials 549
Basic Surgical Procedures 557
Mohs Micrographic Surgery 558
Flaps and Grafts 561
Surgical Emergencies and Complications 566
Nail Unit Surgery 569
9. Cosmetics 573
Cosmetics and Cosmeceuticals 573
Chemical and Mechanical Skin Resurfacing 574
Lasers 576
Botulinum Neurotoxins 578
Soft- Tissue Dermal Fillers 580
Body Contouring 582
Sclerotherapy 583
Hair Restoration 583
Appendix 1: Mucosal and Adnexal Disorders 587
Appendix 2: Dermatologic Signs of Internal
Malignancy 605
Appendix 3: Dermatologic Signs of Metabolic
Disorders and Pregnancy 609
Appendix 4: Dermatology Diagnostics 613
Appendix 5: Billing 637
Abbreviations 641
Index 649