CONTENTS
Contributors xi
Preface xix
 PART I
Principles of Assessment and Evaluation
 1 Clinical Evaluation 1
John A. Freeman, Sally B. Alcott, Armen G. Derian, and  
Christopher H. Bailey
 2 Assessment of Human Muscle Function 49
Walter R. Frontera and Jan Lexell
 3 Electrodiagnostic Evaluation of the  
Peripheral Nervous System 66
Lawrence R. Robinson
 4 Human Walking 94
Thiru M. Annaswamy, Nicholas P . Fey, Didem Inanoglu,  
and Gargi D. Raval
 5 Imaging T echniques 110
Edgar Colón Negron and Luis R. Burgos-Anaya
 6 Diagnostic Ultrasound 176
Yi-Pin Chiang, Wen-Chung Tsai, Tyng-Guey Wang,  
and Henry L. Lew
 7 Functional Evaluation and Management of  
Self-Care and Other Activities of Daily Living 185
Carolyn M. Baum, Timothy J. Wolf, and Samuel Talisman
 8 Disability Determination in Relation to Work 198
Russell Gelfman
 9 The International Classification of Functioning, 
Disability, and Health 208
Gerold Stucki, Jerome Bickenbach, Melissa Selb, and John L. Melvin
 10 Systematically Assessing and Improving  
the Quality of Physical Medicine and  
Rehabilitation 227
James E. Graham, Steve R. Fisher, and Kenneth J. Ottenbacher
 11 Epidemiology of Disability in the United  
States and Internationally: Implications for  
Policy and Practice 240
Stephen P . Gulley, Elizabeth K. Rasch, Abrahm J. Behnam, and  
Leighton Chan
 PART II
The Rehabilitation Team: Systems-Based 
Practice
 12 Psychological Aspects of Rehabilitation 257
Daniel E. Rohe and Thida Han
 13 Speech, Language, Swallowing, and Auditory 
Rehabilitation 280
Marlís González Fernández, Rachel W. Mulheren, Joseph P . Pillion,  
Rajani Sebastian, and Donna C. Tippett
 14 Vocational Rehabilitation, Independent  
Living, and Consumerism 305
Debra B. Homa and David A. DeLambo
 15 Important to Measure Aspects of  
Participation and Environmental Factors in  
Medical Rehabilitation 319
Danbi Lee and Allen W. Heinemann
 16 Ethical Issues in Rehabilitation Medicine 331
Janet F. Haas
 17 International Aspects of the Practice of  
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 343
Francesca Gimigliano, Jorge Laíns, and Leonard S.W. Li
 PART III
Major Conditions: Neuromuscular
 18 Stroke Rehabilitation 355
Joel Stein
 19 Traumatic Brain Injury 376
Steven R. Flanagan, Brian S. Im, Heidi N. Fusco, Prin Amorapanth,  
and Erika L. Trovato
 20 Multiple Sclerosis 414
Francois A. Bethoux and Mary Alissa Willis
 21 Comprehensive Rehabilitation of Parkinson  
Disease and Movement Disorders 429
Vu Q. C. Nguyen, Mark A. Hirsch, and Nicole F. Rup
 22 Rehabilitation of Spinal Cord Injury 449
Ronald K. Reeves, Morgan Brubaker, and Steven Craig Kirshblum
 23 Motor Neuron Disease 501
Nanette C. Joyce, Dorothy Weiss Tolchin, Ileana Michelle Howard,  
and Sabrina Paganoni
 24 Peripheral Neuropathy 520
Mark A. Thomas and Stephanie Rand
 25 Myopathy 534
Jay J. Han
 PART IV
Major Conditions: Musculoskeletal
 26 Disorders of the Cervical Spine 555
Matthew T. Santa Barbara and Gwendolyn Sowa 27 Rehabilitation of Lumbar Spine Disorders: An 
Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Approach 575
Stefano Negrini, Fabio Zaina, Michele Romano, and Carlo Trevisan
 28 Idiopathic Scoliosis 616
Stefano Negrini, Sabrina Donzelli, Alessandra Negrini,  
Michele Romano, and Fabio Zaina
 29 Disorders of the Upper Limbs 629
Nitin B. Jain, Chan Gao, and Brian Richardson
 30 Disorders of the Lower Limbs 647
Stephen C. Johnson, Adrielle L. Fry, Eric T. Chen, and Melinda S. Loveless
 31 The Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation  
of Osteoporosis 684
Pamela Hansen and Rebecca Wilson Zingg
 32 Rheumatic Diseases 717
Ramona Raya, Galen O. Joe, and Lynn H. Gerber
 PART V
Major Conditions: General Rehabilitation
 33 Cardiac Rehabilitation 767
Carmen M. Terzic and Jose R. Medina-Inojosa
 34 Rehabilitation of the Patient with Respiratory 
Dysfunction 785
Matthew N. Bartels and John R. Bach
 35 Burns 799
Jeffrey C. Schneider and Sara E. Cartwright
 36 Rehabilitation for Patients with Cancer Diagnoses 820
Julie K. Silver, Vishwa S. Raj, Sasha E. Knowlton,  
Lisa Marie Ruppert, and Diana M. Molinares
 37 Amputations and Vascular Diseases 847
Karen L. Andrews, Mary E. Matsumoto, Matthew T. Houdek, and  
Melissa J. Neisen
 PART VI
Secondary Conditions and Complications
 38 Physical Inactivity: Physiologic Impairments and 
Related Clinical Conditions 873
Patrick Kortebein
 39 Chronic Pain 891
Andrea Dompieri Furlan, Nimish Mittal, Dinesh Kumbhare,  
Mario Giraldo-Prieto, and Angela Mailis-Gagnon
 40 Spasticity 926
Amanda L. Harrington, Michael A. Kryger, and Jessica B. Berry
 PART VII
Special Populations
 41 Sports Medicine 941
William Micheo, Gerardo Miranda-Comas, Luis Baerga-Varela,  
and Gerard A. Malanga
 42 Paralympic Sports 963
Yetsa A. Tuakli-Wosornu, Anne L. Hart,  
Cheri A. Blauwet, and Jan Lexell
 43 Physical Activity for People with Disabilities 982
Byron W. Lai and James H. Rimmer
 44 Performing Arts Medicine 1001
Sonya Rissmiller, Lauren A. Chambers, and Katie Weatherhogg
 45 Rehabilitation of Children with Disabilities  
and Adults with Childhood-Onset Disabling 
Conditions 1014
Tobias J. Tsai and Kelly L. D. Pham
 46 Health for Women with Disabilities 1036
Amie Brown (Jackson) McLain and Marcalee S. Alexander
 47 Geriatric Rehabilitation 1054
Ian D. Cameron, Susan Kurrle, and Patrick Kortebein
 48 The Role of PM&R in Disaster Relief 1089
Andrew J. Haig and Josh Verson
 PART VIII
Management Methods
 49 Exercise 1101
Frank E. Lorch, Lee Stoner, Jesse A. Lieberman, Alicia H. Lazeski,  
and Michael Masi
 50 Aquatic Rehabilitation 1144
Bruce E. Becker
 51 The Physical Agents 1163
Jeffrey R. Basford and G. David Baxter
 52 Pharmacotherapy of Disability 1179
Todd P . Stitik, Vivan P . Shah, Harmeet S. Dhani, Nourma Sajid,  
Shruti Amin, and Patrick J. Bachoura
 53 Joint and Spinal Injection Procedures 1220
Lisa Huynh, Zachary L. McCormick, and David J. Kennedy
 54 Electrical Stimulation (Therapeutic and  
Functional) 1246
Jayme S. Knutson, Steven W. Brose, Ela B. Plow,  
Richard D. Wilson, and John Chae
 55 Assistive T echnology 1264
Cathy Bodine
 56 Upper and Lower Limb Prosthetics 1282
Heikki Uustal
 57 Orthotics for the Lower and Upper  
Limb and Spine 1308
Alberto Esquenazi
 58 Wheelchairs 1326
Lynn A. Worobey, Stephanie K. Rigot, and Michael L. Boninger
 59 Integrative Medicine in PM&R 1346
Marni G. Hillinger, Megan M. Sweeney, Lindsey C. McKernan,  
Kathryn Ann Hansen, and Melinda R. Ring PART IX
Scientific Advances
 60 Evidence-Based Practice in Rehabilitation  
(Including Clinical T rials) 1363
Mary D. Slavin and Alan M. Jette
 61 Neural Repair and Plasticity 1379
Randolph J. Nudo
 62 Rehabilitation Robotics 1394
Shuo-Hsiu (James) Chang, Jennifer L. Sullivan, Zahra Kadivar,  
Marcia K. O’Malley, and Gerard E. Francisco
Index 1409