BRS Pharmacology

Preface iii
Acknowledgments iii
1. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY 1
I. Dose-Response Relationships 1
II. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics 8
III. Drug Absorption 8
IV. Drug Distribution 12
V. Drug Metabolism (Biotransformation) 13
VI. Drug Elimination and Termination of Action 15
VII. Pharmacokinetic Principles 17
Review Test 22
2. DRUGS ACTING ON THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 29
I. Nervous System 29
II. Peripheral Efferent Nervous System 29
III. Parasympathomimetic Drugs 35
IV. Anticholinergic Drugs 40
V. Sympathomimetic Drugs 48
VI. Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists 52
Review Test 57
3. DRUGS ACTING ON THE RENAL SYSTEM 65
I. Diuretics 65
II. Antidiuretic Drugs 71
III. Identifying Medication-Induced Electrolyte Shifts 72
Review Test 73
4. DRUGS ACTING ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 78
I. Antihypertensive Drugs 78
II. Agents Used to Treat Congestive Heart Failure 85
III. Antianginal Agents 88
IV. Antiarrhythmic Drugs 90
V. Drugs that Lower Plasma Lipids 96
Review Test 101
5. DRUGS ACTING ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 107
I. Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs 107
II. Antipsychotic (Neuroleptic) Drugs 112
III. Antidepressant Drugs 116
Contents Contents v
IV. Lithium (and Anticonvulsants Used to Treat Bipolar Disorder) 121
V. Drugs Used to Treat Parkinson Disease 123
VI. Drugs Used to Treat Alzheimer Disease 126
VII. Antiepileptic Drugs 126
VIII. General Anesthetics 130
IX. Local Anesthetics 133
X. Opioid Analgesics and Antagonists 136
XI. Drugs of Abuse 140
Review Test 151
6. AUTACOIDS, ERGOTS, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
AGENTS, AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS 157
I. Histamine and Antihistamines 157
II. Serotonin Agonists and Antagonists 159
III. Ergot Alkaloids 160
IV. Eicosanoids 161
V. Salicylates and NSAIDs 163
VI. Drugs Used for Gout 168
VII. Immunosuppressive Drugs 169
Review Test 175
7. DRUGS USED IN ANEMIA AND DISORDERS OF HEMOSTASIS 179
I. Drugs Used in the Treatment of Anemia 179
II. Drugs Acting on Myeloid Cells 183
III. Drugs Used in Hemostatic Disorders 184
Review Test 196
8. DRUGS ACTING ON THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT 201
I. Antiemetics 201
II. Drugs Used to Manage Obesity 204
III. Drugs Used to Increase Appetite 206
IV. Agents Used for Upper GI Tract Disorders 206
V. Drugs Used to Dissolve Gallstones 212
VI. Digestive Enzyme Replacements 212
VII. Agents that Act on the Lower GI Tract 212
Review Test 219
9. DRUGS ACTING ON THE PULMONARY SYSTEM 225
I. Introduction to Pulmonary Disorders 225
II. Agents Used to Treat Asthma and Other Bronchial Disorders 227
III. Drugs Used to Treat Rhinitis and Cough 232
Review Test 236
10. DRUGS ACTING ON THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 240
I. Hormone Receptors 240
II. Hypothalamus 240vi Contents
III. Anterior Pituitary 244
IV. Posterior Pituitary 246
V. Drugs Acting on the Gonadal and Reproductive System 248
VI. Adrenal Cortex 254
VII. Thyroid 258
VIII. Pancreas and Glucose Homeostasis 261
IX. Calcium Homeostatic System 267
X. Retinoic Acid and Derivatives 271
Review Test 274
11. DRUGS USED IN TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS
DISEASES 280
I. Infectious Disease Therapy 280
II. Antibacterial Agents: Inhibitors of Bacterial Cell Wall Biosynthesis 281
III. Antibacterial Agents: Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis 288
IV. Antibacterial Agents: Inhibitors of DNA Synthesis and Integrity 292
V. Antibacterial Agents: Miscellaneous Drugs 294
VI. Antimycobacterial Agents 295
VII. Antifungal Agents 297
VIII. Antiparasitic Drugs 299
IX. Antiviral Drugs 303
X. Antiretroviral Drugs 304
Review Test 311
12. CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY 317
I. Principles of Cancer Chemotherapy 317
II. Alkylating Agents 321
III. Antimetabolites 322
IV. Microtubule-Damaging Agents 325
V. Topoisomerase Inhibitors 326
VI. Antitumor Antibiotics 326
VII. Miscellaneous Antineoplastic Agents 327
VIII. Targeted Therapy 328
IX. Corticosteroids 333
X. Hormone Therapy 333
Review Test 337
13. TOXICOLOGY 343
I. Principles and Terminology 343
II. Air Pollutants 346
III. Solvents 348
IV. Insecticides and Herbicides 350
V. Heavy Metal Poisoning and Management 351
VI. Drug Poisoning 355
Review Test 357
Comprehensive Examination 363
Index 389