BRS Pharmacology

Preface v
Acknowledgments vi
1. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY 1
I. Dose–Response Relationships 1
II. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics 6
III. Drug Absorption 7
IV. Drug Distribution 10
V. Metabolism (Biotransformation) of Drugs 11
VI. Drug Elimination and Termination of Action 13
VII. Pharmacokinetic Principles 15
Review Test 19
2. DRUGS ACTING ON THE AUTONOMIC
NERVOUS SYSTEM 24
I. The Nervous System 24
II. The Peripheral Efferent Nervous System 24
III. Parasympathomimetic Drugs 30
IV. Anticholinergic Drugs 34
V. Sympathomimetic Drugs 40
VI. Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists 44
Review Test 48
3. DRUGS ACTING ON THE RENAL SYSTEM 55
I. Diuretics 55
II. Antidiuretic Drugs 60
Review Test 63
4. DRUGS ACTING ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 67
I. Antihypertensive Drugs 67
II. Agents Used to Treat Congestive Heart Failure 73
III. Antianginal Agents 76
IV. Antiarrhythmic Drugs 77
V. Drugs that Lower Plasma Lipids 83
Review Test 87
Contents5. DRUGS ACTING ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 92
I. Sedative–Hypnotic Drugs 92
II. Antipsychotic (Neuroleptic) Drugs 96
III. Antidepressant Drugs 100
IV. Lithium (and Anticonvulsants Used to Treat Bipolar Disorder) 105
V. Drugs Used to Treat Parkinson Disease 106
VI. Drugs Used to Treat Alzheimer Disease 109
VII. Antiepileptic Drugs 110
VIII. General Anesthetics 113
IX. Local Anesthetics 117
X. Opioid Analgesics and Antagonists 119
XI. Drugs of Abuse 123
Review Test 133
6. AUTOCOIDS, ERGOTS, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS,
AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS 138
I. Histamine and Antihistamines 138
II. Serotonin Agonists and Antagonists 140
III. Ergot Alkaloids 141
IV. Eicosanoids 142
V. Salicylates and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) 144
VI. Drugs Used for Gout 147
VII. Immunosuppressive Drugs 148
Review Test 154
7. DRUGS USED IN ANEMIA AND DISORDERS
OF HEMOSTASIS 158
I. Drugs Used in the Treatment of Anemia 158
II. Drugs Acting on Myeloid Cells 162
III. Drugs Used in Hemostatic Disorders 162
Review Test 172
8. DRUGS ACTING ON THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT 177
I. Antiemetics 177
II. Drugs Used to Manage Obesity 179
III. Drugs Used to Increase Appetite 180
IV. Agents Used for Upper GI Tract Disorders 180
V. Drugs Used to Dissolve Gallstones 183
VI. Digestive Enzyme Replacements 183
VII. Agents that Act on the Lower GI Tract 183
Review Test 1899. DRUGS ACTING ON THE PULMONARY SYSTEM 193
I. Introduction to Pulmonary Disorders 193
II. Agents Used to Treat Asthma and Other Bronchial Disorders 194
III. Drugs Used to Treat Rhinitis and Cough 199
Review Test 202
10. DRUGS ACTING ON THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 205
I. Hormone Receptors 205
II. The Hypothalamus 205
III. The Anterior Pituitary 209
IV. The Posterior Pituitary 211
V. Drugs Acting on the Gonadal and Reproductive System 213
VI. The Adrenal Cortex 219
VII. The Thyroid 223
VIII. The Pancreas and Glucose Homeostasis 226
IX. The Calcium Homeostatic System 232
X. Retinoic Acid and Derivatives 235
Review Test 238
11. DRUGS USED IN TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 241
I. Infectious Disease Therapy 241
II. Antibacterial Agents: Inhibitors of Bacterial Cell Wall Biosynthesis 242
III. Antibacterial Agents: Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis 248
IV. Antibacterial Agents: Inhibitors of DNA Synthesis and Integrity 252
V. Antibacterial Agents: Miscellaneous Drugs 254
VI. Antimycobacterial Agents 254
VII. Antifungal Agents 256
VIII. Antiparasitic Drugs 258
IX. Antiviral Drugs 262
X. Antiretroviral Drugs 264
Review Test 269
12. CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY 274
I. Principles of Cancer Chemotherapy 274
II. Alkylating Agents 277
III. Antimetabolites 279
IV. Microtubule Damaging Agents 281
V. Topoisomerase Inhibitors 282
VI. Antitumor Antibiotics 283
VII. Miscellaneous Antineoplastic Agents 284
VIII. Targeted Therapy 284
IX. Corticosteroids 287
X. Hormone Therapy 287
Review Test 29113. TOXICOLOGY 296
I. Principles and Terminology 296
II. Air Pollutants 298
III. Solvents 300
IV. Insecticides and Herbicides 301
V. Heavy Metal Poisoning and Management 302
VI. Drug Poisoning 305
Review Test 307
Comprehensive Examination 310
Index 331