Home / Allied Health / ACSM's Resources for the Exercise Physiologist

ACSM's Resources for the Exercise Physiologist

A Practical Guide for the Health Fitness Professional
Edition: 3
9781975153168
ISBN/ISSN:
9781975153168
Publication Date:
August 16, 2021
2021-08-16
9781975153168
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An essential preparation book for the ACSM Certified Exercise Physiologist examination, ACSM’s Resources for the Exercise Physiologist, 3rd Edition, is ...
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  • An essential preparation book for the ACSM Certified Exercise Physiologist examination, ACSM’s Resources for the Exercise Physiologist, 3rd Edition, is an essential volume for certification candidates and practicing Exercise Physiologists looking to boost their exam confidence and achieve success in practice. This updated edition is fully aligned with the eleventh edition of ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription and reflects the most current standards and practices in exercise physiology. 
     
    Published by the American College of Sports Medicine, this practical resource is organized around the scope of ACSM-EP practice domains. A clear introduction to understanding exercise, physical activity, and pre-exercise screening opens the book, followed by thorough coverage of assessment and programming for healthy populations, assessment and programming for special populations, counseling and behavioral strategies for encouraging exercises, and legal, management and professional issues relevant to practice.
    • Updated content aligned with the 11th edition of ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription prepares students for exam success and equips prospective and practicing EPs with the foundation for confident, competent clinical practice.
    • Chapter objectives keep students focused on essential information.
    • Case Studies provide essential practice applying knowledge to commonly encountered scenarios.
  • Edition
    3
    ISBN/ISSN
    9781975153168
    Product Format
    Hardcover Book
    Pages
    550
    Series
    American College of Sports Medicine
    Edition
    3
    Publication Date
    August 16, 2021
  • Benjamin Gordon
    American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)
  • xi
    Contents
    Preface v
    Acknowledgments vii
    Contributors viii
    Reviewers x
    PART I: Overview 1
    1 Understanding Physical Activity and Exercise 2
    Defining Physical Activity, Exercise, and Physical Fitness 3
    Historic Trends in Physical Activity 7
    Ancient Times and the Rise of Exercise Physiology 7
    T.K. Cureton and the Physical Fitness Movement 7
    Historical Evolution of Physical Activity Epidemiology 8
    Development of Physical Activity Guidelines and Recommendations 9
    Relationship between Physical Activity/Exercise and Health across the Lifespan 12
    Physical Activity and Health in Children and Adolescents 13
    Physical Activity and Health in Adults 15
    Physical Activity and Health in Older Adults 18
    Physical Activity and Health in Women during Pregnancy and during the Postpartum Period 18
    Physical Activity and Health in Adults with Chronic Conditions and Adults with Disabilities 18
    General Risks Associated with Physical Activity/Exercise 19
    Risks of Sudden Cardiac Death 20
    The Risk of Cardiac Events during Exercise Testing 20
    Musculoskeletal Injury Associated with Exercise 20
    2 Preparticipation Physical Activity Screening Guidelines 29
    Importance of Preparticipation Physical Activity Screening 30
    History of Preparticipation Physical Activity Screening 31
    Levels of Screening 31
    Self-Guided Screening 32
    ? PHYSICAL ACTIVITY READINESS QUESTIONNAIRE FOR EVERYONE 32
    ? EPARMED-X ?PHYSICIAN CLEARANCE FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONNAIRE 32
    Professionally Supervised Screening 37
    ? INFORMED CONSENT 37
    ? HEALTH HISTORY QUESTIONNAIRE 39
    ? MEDICAL EXAMINATION/CLEARANCE 39
    ? PREPARTICIPATION PHYSICAL ACTIVITY SCREENING PROCESS 39
    Physical Activity (or Exercise) History 46
    Known Cardiovascular, Metabolic, and/or Renal Disease 46
    ACSM Major Signs or Symptoms Suggestive of Cardiovascular Disease 46
    When Should You Seek Medical Clearance? 48
    American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Risk Stratification 49
    Challenges of ACSM Preparticipation Physical Activity Screening 49
    Recommendations versus Requirements 50xii
    Contraindications to Exercise Testing 51
    What Does Contraindication Really Mean? 52
    Absolute versus Relative 52
    Repurposing Risk Factor Assessment and Management 52
    ACSM Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Assessment and Defining Criteria 52
    PART II: Assessments and Exercise Programming for Apparently
    Healthy Participants 59
    3 Cardiorespiratory Fitness Assessments and Exercise Programming for
    Apparently Healthy Participants 60
    Basic Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems as They Relate to
    Cardiorespiratory Fitness 61
    Goal of the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems 61
    Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems 61
    Adenosine Triphosphate Production 62
    Overview of Cardiorespiratory Responses to Acute Graded Exercise of Conditioned and
    Unconditioned Participants 64
    Oxygen Uptake Kinetics during Submaximal Single-Intensity Exercise 64
    Oxygen Uptake Kinetics during Graded Intensity Exercise 65
    Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference Response to Graded Intensity Exercise 66
    Heart Rate, Stroke Volume, and Cardiac Output Responses to Graded Intensity Exercise 66
    Pulmonary Ventilation Response to Graded Intensity Exercise 67
    Blood Pressure Response to Graded Intensity Exercise 67
    Measuring Blood Pressure and Heart Rate before, during, and after Graded Exercise 68
    Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Assessment 68
    Rate Pressure Product 69
    Selecting Appropriate Cardiorespiratory Fitness Assessments for Healthy Populations 70
    Cardiorespiratory Fitness Assessments Benefits 70
    Types of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Assessments 70
    Selecting the Appropriate Cardiorespiratory Fitness Assessment 71
    Interpreting Results of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Assessments, Including Determination of
    V ?
    O
    2
    and V ?
    O
    2max
    76
    Metabolic Calculations as They Relate to Cardiorespiratory Exercise Programming 77
    Energy Units and Conversion Factors 77
    ACSM Metabolic Formula 82
    ? EXAMPLES 83
    FITT Framework for the Development of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Apparently
    Healthy People 84
    Frequency 85
    Intensity 85
    Time 85
    Type 86
    Additional Variables 86
    Volume 86
    Progression 86
    ? PROGRESSIVE OVERLOAD 86
    ? REVERSIBILITY 86
    ? INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 87
    ? SPECIFICITY OF TRAINING 87
    Safe and Effective Exercises Designed to Enhance Cardiorespiratory Fitness 87
    Interval Training 89
    Contentsxiii
    Determining Exercise Intensity 89
    Heart Rate Reserve Method 90
    Peak Heart Rate Method 90
    Peak V
    ?
    O
    2
    Method 90
    Peak Metabolic Equivalent Method 91
    V
    ?
    O
    2
    Reserve Method 91
    Talk Test Method 91
    Perceived Exertion Method 92
    Abnormal Responses to Exercise 92
    Contraindications to Cardiovascular Training Exercises 93
    Effect of Common Medications on Cardiorespiratory Exercise 93
    Signs and Symptoms of Common Musculoskeletal Injuries Associated with
    Cardiorespiratory Exercise 93
    Effects of Heat, Cold, or High Altitude on the Physiological Response to Exercise 94
    Heat Stress 95
    Cold Stress 95
    Altitude 95
    Acclimatization When Exercising in a Hot, Cold, or High-Altitude Environment 96
    4 Muscular Strength and Muscular Endurance Assessments and Exercise
    Programming for Apparently Healthy Participants 103
    Basic Structure and Function 105
    Muscle Fiber Types and Recruitment 105
    Types of Muscle Action 106
    Assessment Protocols 108
    Assessing Muscular Strength 109
    Assessing Muscular Endurance 110
    Fundamental Principles of Resistance Training 111
    Principle of Progression 111
    Principle of Regularity 112
    Principle of Overload 113
    Principle of Creativity 113
    Principle of Enjoyment 113
    Principle of Specificity 114
    Principle of Supervision 115
    Program Design Considerations 115
    Types of Resistance Training 116
    ? DYNAMIC CONSTANT EXTERNAL RESISTANCE TRAINING 116
    ? ISOKINETICS 117
    ? PLYOMETRIC TRAINING 118
    Modes of Resistance Training 119
    Safety Concerns 121
    Resistance Training Program Variables 123
    Type of Exercise 124
    Order of Exercise 125
    Training Intensity 125
    Training Volume 126
    Rest Intervals between Sets 127
    Repetition Velocity 127
    Training Frequency 127
    Periodization 128
    General Recommendations 129
    Contentsxiv
    5 Flexibility Assessments and Exercise Programming for Apparently Healthy
    Participants 136
    Basic Principles of Flexibility 137
    Factors Affecting Flexibility 137
    Modes of Flexibility Training 139
    Static Flexibility 139
    Ballistic Flexibility 140
    Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation 140
    Dynamic Flexibility 142
    Muscle and Tendon Proprioceptors 144
    Flexibility Assessment Protocols 145
    Goniometers and Inclinometers 145
    Flexibility Program Design 153
    Overall Range of Motion Recommendations 154
    6 Functional Movement Assessments and Exercise Programming for Apparently
    Healthy Participants 175
    Sensorimotor Control 176
    Motor Learning 176
    Proprioception 176
    Stability and Mobility 177
    Mediators of the Proprioception, Mobility, and Stability 180
    Overweight and Obesity and Physical Inactivity 180
    Propensity for Inhibition of Stabilizing Muscles 180
    Previous Injury and Pain 180
    Everyday Posture and Limited Variety of Movement 181
    Joint Structure 181
    Age 182
    What Is Neutral Position and Why Is It so Important? 182
    Assessment and Prescription 183
    Establishing a Movement Baseline 183
    ? ASSESSMENT OF STATIC NEUTRAL POSTURE 183
    Plumb Line Assessment 183
    Wall Test 183
    Progressive Approach to Developing Postural Awareness 183
    ? INTEGRATIVE ASSESSMENTS AND CORRECTIONS 185
    Wall Plank-and-Roll 185
    Teaching How to Brace 185
    Diaphragmatic Breathing Assessment and Corrective Methods 186
    Rolling Patterns: Assessment and Correction 187
    ? ADDRESSING ALIGNMENT ISSUES 191
    Instability Training 193
    Self-Myofascial Release and Stretching 194
    Lifestyle Recommendations 197
    7 Body Composition and Weight Management 200
    Anthropometric Measurements 201
    Height and Weight 202
    Body Mass Index 202
    ? CIRCUMFERENCE MEASURES 204
    Contentsxv
    Measuring Body Composition 206
    ? SKINFOLD MEASUREMENTS 207
    ? BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE 209
    ? LABORATORY METHODS FOR MEASURING BODY COMPOSITION 211
    Weight Management 213
    Energy Balance 213
    Preventing Weight Gain 217
    Treatment of Obesity 217
    FITT Recommendations 217
    Training Considerations 218
    Weight Loss Goals 219
    Metabolic Equations 219
    Weight Management Myths 219
    ? MYTH 1: FAT TURNS INTO MUSCLE 219
    ? MYTH 2: SPOT REDUCING WORKS 220
    ? MYTH 3: GAINING WEIGHT AT THE START OF AN EXERCISE PROGRAM IS FROM
    INCREASED MUSCLE 220
    Treatment of Obesity through Nutrition 221
    Treatment of Obesity through Other Methods 223
    Behavioral Strategies 224
    Weight Loss Supplements 224
    Dieting 225
    Medications 225
    PART III: Exercise Programming for Special Populations 231
    8 Exercise for Individuals with Controlled Cardiovascular, Metabolic, Pulmonary,
    and Chronic Kidney Disease 232
    Pathophysiology 233
    Cardiovascular Disease 233
    ? CORONARY HEART DISEASE 233
    ? HYPERTENSION 234
    ? PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE 235
    Metabolic Diseases 235
    ? DIABETES 236
    ? DYSLIPIDEMIA 236
    ? OBESITY 236
    ? METABOLIC SYNDROME 237
    Pulmonary Diseases 237
    ? CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE 237
    ? CHRONIC RESTRICTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE 238
    Chronic Kidney Disease 238
    Role of Exercise Training 238
    Cardiovascular Diseases 238
    Metabolic Diseases 240
    Pulmonary Diseases 240
    Chronic Kidney Disease 240
    The Art and Science of Exercise Prescription and Programming in Controlled Disease Populations 241
    Special FITT Considerations for Persons with Chronic Diseases 241
    ? HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING 241
    ? CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 244
    Contentsxvi
    ? METABOLIC DISEASE 244
    ? PULMONARY DISEASE 245
    ? CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE 246
    Effects of Myocardial Ischemia, Myocardial Infarction, and Hypertension on Cardiorespiratory
    Responses during Exercise 246
    Myocardial Ischemia 246
    Myocardial Infarction 247
    ? HYPERTENSION 247
    Exercise Concerns, Precautions, and Contraindications 247
    Cardiovascular Disease 247
    Metabolic Disease 250
    Pulmonary Disease 251
    Chronic Kidney Disease 252
    Effect of Common Medications on Exercise Capacity and Tolerance 253
    Over-the-Counter Drugs 253
    Prescription Drugs 255
    Teaching and Demonstrating Safe and Effective Exercise 256
    9 Exercise Programming for Individuals with Musculoskeletal Limitations 265
    Traumatic Movement–Related Injuries 266
    Fractures 266
    Strains 267
    Sprains 268
    Contusions 268
    ? IMMEDIATE CARE 269
    ? MEDICATIONS FOR MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN AND INFLAMMATION 269
    ? EXERCISE TO REDUCE RISK OF STRAINS AND SPRAINS 270
    Overuse Injuries 271
    Tendinopathy 271
    ? CLINICAL PRESENTATION/ASSESSMENT 271
    ? SAFE AND EFFECTIVE EXERCISE 272
    ? EXERCISE CONSIDERATIONS FOR TENDINOPATHIES 272
    Bursitis 273
    ? CLINICAL PRESENTATION/ASSESSMENT 273
    ? SAFE AND EFFECTIVE EXERCISE 273
    Plantar Fasciitis 273
    ? CLINICAL PRESENTATION/ASSESSMENT 273
    ? SAFE AND EFFECTIVE EXERCISE 274
    Examples of Safe and Effective Exercises for Overuse Injuries 274
    Low Back Pain 275
    ? CLINICAL PRESENTATION/ASSESSMENT 276
    ? SAFE AND EFFECTIVE EXERCISE 277
    Chronic Conditions 281
    Arthritis 281
    ? RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS 281
    Clinical Presentation/Assessment 281
    Safe and Effective Exercise 282
    ? OSTEOARTHRITIS 283
    Obesity and Osteoarthritis 283
    Clinical Presentation/Assessment 283
    Safe and Effective Exercise 283
    Contentsxvii
    ? MEDICATION EFFECTS FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND OSTEOARTHRITIS 284
    ? EXERCISE GUIDELINES FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND OSTEOARTHRITIS 284
    Osteoporosis 285
    ? RISK FACTORS FOR OSTEOPOROSIS 285
    ? CLINICAL PRESENTATION/ASSESSMENT 287
    ? DIETARY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR BONE HEALTH 287
    ? SAFE AND EFFECTIVE EXERCISE 288
    10 Exercise Programming across the Lifespan: Children and Adolescents, Pregnant
    Women, and Older Adults 299
    Children and Adolescents 300
    Physical and Physiological Changes 300
    ? BODY SIZE AND COMPOSITION 300
    ? CARDIORESPIRATORY FUNCTION 301
    ? MUSCULAR STRENGTH, FLEXIBILITY , AND MOTOR PERFORMANCE 301
    ? RATING OF PERCEIVED EXERTION 302
    ? THERMOREGULATION 302
    Motor Skills and Physical Activity 302
    The Impact of Chronic Exercise 302
    Exercise Programming and Specific Exercise Considerations 303
    ? CHILDREN 304
    ? ADOLESCENTS 304
    Pregnant Women 305
    Physical and Physiological Changes 305
    The Impact of Chronic Exercise 306
    Exercise Programming and Specific Exercise Considerations 308
    Special Considerations during Pregnancy 310
    Older Adults 310
    Physical and Physiological Changes 311
    ? BODY COMPOSITION AND MUSCULOSKELETAL FUNCTION 311
    ? CARDIORESPIRATORY FUNCTION AND THERMOREGULATION 312
    The Impact of Chronic Exercise 313
    Exercise Programming and Specific Exercise Considerations 313
    ? AEROBIC ACTIVITY 315
    ? MUSCLE-STRENGTHENING ACTIVITY 315
    ? FLEXIBILITY ACTIVITY AND NEUROMOTOR EXERCISES 316
    ? THERMOREGULATION 316
    PART IV: Behavior Change 325
    11 Theories of Behavior Change 326
    Importance of Theories and Models 327
    Transtheoretical Model 327
    Social Cognitive Theory 328
    Self-Efficacy 329
    Relapse Prevention 333
    Social Ecological Model 334
    Theory of Planned Behavior 337
    Self-Determination Theory 338
    Hedonic Theory 339
    Contentsxviii
    12 Facilitating Health Behavior Change 347
    Practical Strategies for Behavior Change 348
    Identifying Benefits of Physical Activity 348
    Setting Goals 349
    Using Self-Monitoring Tools 349
    ? SELF-MONITORING RECOMMENDATIONS 350
    ? PHYSICAL ACTIVITY MONITORS 351
    Increasing Social Support 351
    Regulating Emotions 351
    Enhancing Self-Efficacy 353
    Problem-Solving Barriers to Physical Activity 354
    Increasing Options for Physical Activity 356
    Preventing Relapse 356
    Facilitating Behavior Change: The Role of the Exercise Physiologist 357
    Incorporating Behavior Change into Practice 357
    Improving Communication 359
    Using Motivational Interviewing 360
    Working with Diverse Populations 366
    ? OLDER ADULTS 366
    ? RACE/ETHNICITY 367
    13 Healthy Stress Management 371
    The Stress Response 372
    Sources of Stress 372
    Appraisal of Stress 373
    Coping 373
    ? PROBLEM-FOCUSED COPING 374
    ? EMOTION-FOCUSED COPING 374
    The Physiological and Psychological Response to Stress 374
    General Adaptation Syndrome and Allostasis 374
    The Effects of Stress on Health 376
    ? DIGESTIVE ISSUES 376
    ? HEADACHES 377
    ? CARDIOVASCULAR AND METABOLIC DISEASES AND THE ROLE OF CORTISOL 378
    ? IMMUNE SUPPRESSION, CANCER, AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS 378
    Stress and Psychological Functioning 378
    ? PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS, ANXIETY, AND DEPRESSION 378
    ? FATIGUE AND BURNOUT 379
    ? COGNITIVE DEFICITS 379
    Healthy Stress Management 379
    Exercise 379
    Enhancing Social Support 380
    Improving Personal Control and Self-Efficacy 382
    Mind–Body Techniques for Reducing Stress 383
    ? DIAPHRAGMATIC BREATHING AND BODY SCANS 384
    ? PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION 384
    ? BIOFEEDBACK 384
    ? MASSAGE 385
    ? MEDITATION AND PRAYER 385
    ? MINDFULNESS 385
    ? YOGA AND MARTIAL ARTS 386
    ? REFERRING A CLIENT OR PATIENT TO A PSYCHOLOGIST 386
    Contentsxix
    PART V: Business 395
    14 Legal Structure and Terminology 396
    The Law and Legal System 397
    Primary Sources of Law 397
    Tort Law 399
    Negligence 399
    Insurance Coverage 402
    Federal Laws 403
    Sexual Harassment 403
    Occupational Safety and Health Administration Guidelines 404
    Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Guidelines and Recommendations 404
    Client Rights and Responsibilities 405
    Client Rights 405
    Client Responsibilities 406
    Contract Law 406
    Employer and Employee Rights and Responsibilities 406
    Federal Employment Laws 407
    Hiring and Prehiring Statutes 407
    Facility Policies and Procedures 410
    15 Leadership and Management 415
    Defining Leadership and Management 416
    Operational Definitions 416
    Evidence-Based Management 418
    Leadership: Past, Present, and Future 419
    Transactional Model 419
    Visionary Model 419
    Organic Model 420
    Leadership Theory and Model 420
    Leadership Behaviors and Theories 421
    Trait Theory 421
    Situational Leadership Theory 421
    Path–Goal Leadership Theory 422
    Transformational and Transactional Leadership 422
    Lewin’s Leadership Styles 423
    Servant Leadership 423
    Leader–Member Exchange Theory 424
    Emotional Intelligence 424
    Contextual Intelligence and Three-Dimensional Thinking 425
    Management Techniques 427
    Management Grid (Blake and Mouton) 427
    Scientific Management (Frederick W. Taylor) 427
    Bureaucratic Model of Management (Max Weber) 428
    Total Quality Management (W. Edwards Deming) 428
    Management by Objective (Peter Drucker) 429
    Motivator-Hygiene Theory (Fredrick Herzberg) 429
    Theory X and Y (Douglas McGregor) 430
    Behavioral Approach (Mary Parker Follet) 430
    Organizational Behavior 431
    Strategic Planning 431
    Contentsxx
    16 General Health Fitness Management 436
    Human Resource Management 437
    Organizational Culture and Teamwork 437
    Staffing 438
    ? TYPES OF POSITIONS 438
    ? EMPLOYEE VERSUS INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR 439
    ? EXEMPT VERSUS NONEXEMPT 441
    ? FULL-TIME VERSUS PART-TIME 441
    ? JOB DESCRIPTIONS 442
    Recruiting and Selection 442
    ? RECRUITING STRATEGIES 442
    ? SELECTION PROCESS 444
    ? INTERVIEW PROCESS 445
    Compensation 445
    Employee Orientation, Development, and Training 446
    Performance Management and Employee Retention 447
    ? SETTING GOALS 447
    ? PERFORMANCE APPRAISALS 448
    ? EMPLOYEE RETENTION 449
    Section Summary 449
    Risk Management 449
    Standards and Guidelines for Risk Management and Emergency Procedures 449
    Types of Business Liability Insurance 452
    Risk Management Summary 453
    Facility Management and Operations 453
    Clinical and Nonclinical Health/Fitness Facility Settings 453
    ? CLINICAL FITNESS SETTING 454
    ? NONCLINICAL FITNESS SETTINGS 454
    Operations 455
    Equipment 455
    Financial Management 457
    Accrual and Cash Accounting 458
    Financial Statements 458
    ? BALANCE SHEET 458
    ? PROFIT AND LOSS STATEMENT 460
    Budgeting 461
    ? TYPES OF BUDGETS 461
    ? CREATING A BUDGET 461
    Income Management 462
    Expense Management 462
    Section Summary 463
    Marketing and Sales 463
    Marketing 463
    ? MARKETING TOOLS 464
    Sales 465
    Section Summary 465
    Programming 466
    Programs in Demand 466
    Steps to Successful Programming 466
    Section Summary 467
    Contentsxxi Contents
    17 Marketing 469
    Marketing Basics 470
    People 470
    Product 472
    Place 472
    Price 474
    Promotion 475
    ? BRANDING 476
    ? ADVERTISING 476
    ? REFERRAL 476
    ? DIRECT MAIL/E-MAIL 477
    ? INTERNET 477
    ? BUSINESS TO BUSINESS 477
    ? SPONSORSHIP 477
    ? PERSONAL SALES 478
    Finding Leads 478
    Qualifying Prospects 479
    The Art of the Deal 479
    ? PUBLIC RELATIONS 479
    18 Professional Behaviors and Ethics 484
    History 485
    Accreditation 485
    Committee on the Certification and Registry Board 489
    ACSM Code of Ethics 489
    Scope of Practice 489
    Scenario 1 491
    Scenario 2 492
    Scenario 3 493
    Conflict of Interest 495
    Providing Evidence-Based Information 495
    Step 1: Develop a Question 495
    Step 2: Search for Evidence 496
    ? PERSONAL EXPERIENCE 496
    ? ACADEMIC PREPARATION 496
    ? RESEARCH KNOWLEDGE 496
    Step 3: Evaluate the Evidence 496
    Step 4: Incorporate Evidence into Practice 496
    Maintaining Certification 498
    Ways to Earn Continuing Education Credits 499
    Personal Characteristics 499
    Appendix A Editors from the Previous T wo Editions of ACSM’s Resources for the Exercise
    Physiologist 507
    Appendix B Contributors from the Previous T wo Editions of ACSM’s Resources for the Exercise
    Physiologist 508
    I n dex 511
    • Updated content aligned with the 11th edition of ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription prepares students for exam success and equips prospective and practicing EPs with the foundation for confident, competent clinical practice.
    • Chapter objectives keep students focused on essential information.
    • Case Studies provide essential practice applying knowledge to commonly encountered scenarios.
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