Part I: Theory
Section 1: Instrumentation & Basics
1 Primer on CT Physics and Hardware
Jiang Hsieh, Marc Kachelriess
2 CT Image Reconstruction Basics
Joachim Hornegger, Andreas Maier, Markus Kowarschik
3 Dose Considerations in CT Perfusion
Lifeng Yu, Shuai Leng, Lance J. Phillips, Dawn Banghart, Cynthia H. McCollough
4 Clinical Applications and Theoretical Principles: Primer on Physics of MR and Hardware
Maxim Zaitsev, Michael Markl
5 MR Image Reconstruction
Jeffrey Tsao, Vikas Gulani
6 MR Relaxation Theory and Exchange Processes in the Presence of Contrast Agents
Joel R. Garbow, Joseph J.H. Ackerman
7 MR and CT Contrast Agents for Perfusion Imaging and Regulatory Issues
Henrik S. Thomsen, Peter Dawson, Michael F. Tweedle
8 Contrast Agent Safety and Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis
Moazzem Kazi, Georg Bongartz, Martin R. Prince
Section 2: CT Perfusion Imaging
9 Acquisition Schemes for Computed Tomography Perfusion
Roland Bammer
10 Xe-Enhanced CT Perfusion Measurements
Andrew P. Carlson, Howard Yonas
Section 3: Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast-Based PWI
11 Susceptibility Contrast in Tissues: Gradient Echoes versus Spin Echoes
Jerrold L. Boxerman, Matthias J.P. van Osch, Kathleen M. Schmainda
12 Magnetic Resonance Pulse Sequences for Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast
Eric Peterson, Alexey A. Samsonov, Johan van den Brink, Gary H. Glover, Shalini A. Amukotuwa, Heiko H. Schmiedeskamp, Rexford D. Newbould,
Roland Bammer
13 Vessel Size Imaging
Valerij G. Kiselev, Heiko H. Schmiedeskamp
14 Oxygen Extraction Fraction (OEF) Imaging
Weili Lin, Hongyu An, Thomas ChristenSection 4: Arterial Spin Labeling
15 Basic Principles of Arterial Spin Labeling: Continuous versus Pulsed Arterial Spin Labeling
Yufen Chen, John A. Detre
16 Readout and Background Suppression Techniques
David Thomas, Matthias Günther, Xavier Golay
17 Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling
David C. Alsop, Ajit Shankaranarayanan
18 Confounding Effects in Arterial Spin Labeling
Danny J.J. Wang, María A. Fernández-Seara, Hanzhang Lu
19 Flow Territory Mapping: Region-Selective Arterial Spin Labeling
Matthias J.P. van Osch, Matthias Günther, Eric C. Wong
20 Velocity-Selective Arterial Spin Labeling
Eric C. Wong, Lawrence R. Frank
21 Keys to Robust Arterial Spin Labeling in the Clinical and Research Environment
David C. Alsop, Jeroen Hendrikse
22 “Pick Your Poison”: The Arterial Spin Labeling Shopper’s Guide or Which Method for Which Application?
Hanzhang Lu, Matthias Günther, Xavier Golay, Susan R. Hopkins, Fritz Schick, Rebecca J. Theilmann, Petros Martirosian, Christina Schraml, Andreas BossSection 5: Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR and CT
23 The Basic Principles of Dynamic Contrast–Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Julio Cárdenas-Rodríguez, Xia Li, Jennifer G. Whisenant, Stephanie Barnes, Rudolf Stollberger, John C. Gore, Thomas E. YankeelovSection 6: Computational Methods
24 Convolution Model
Peter Gall, Ting-Yim Lee, Roland Bammer
25 Practical Aspects of Deconvolution
Fernando Calamante, Matus Straka, Lisa Willats
26 Arterial Input Function and Venous Output Function
Soren Christensen, Matus Straka, Ting-Yim Lee
27 The Bookend Technique and Other Scaling Techniques
Jessy J. Mouannes-Srour, Timothy J. Carroll
28 The Effects of Contrast Agent Extravasation Perfusion Parameter Maps Derived from Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Kathleen M. Schmainda, Eric S. Paulson, Jerrold L. Boxerman
29 Pharmacokinetic Models for Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Steven Sourbron, Ting-Yim Lee
30 Blood Flow Quantitation with Arterial Spin Labeling
Laura M. Parkes, Hanzhang Lu, Esben T. Petersen
31 Perfusion Confusion: What Is Perfusion and What Do We Measure?
Richard B. BuxtonSection 7: Comparability
32 Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Calibration Between Sites and Comparability
Jeffry R. Alger, Matthias J.P. van Osch, Thoralf Niendorf, Pamela W. Schaefer, Kohsuke Kudo, Roland Bammer
33 CT Perfusion Imaging: Calibration and Comparability
Benjamin Zussman, Kohsuke Kudo, Adam Flanders, Vicky Goh, Pamela W. Schaefer, Roland Bammer, Max Wintermark
34 Arterial Spin Labeling Calibration Between Sites and Comparability
Thomas T. Liu, Matthias J.P. van Osch, Matthias Günther, Xavier Golay
35 Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Calibration Between Sites and Comparability
Gudrun Zahlmann, Peter Gall, Sandeep N. Gupta, Thorsten Persigehl
PART II • CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
Section 1: Setting the Stage
36 Normal Blood Flow Values in Organs
Shalini A. Amukotuwa, Didem Aksoy, Roland Bammer
37 Information about MR and CT Contrast Agents
Roland Bammer
38 General Patient Dressing for Magnetic Resonance and Computed Tomography Studies
Lior Molvin, Teresa Nelson, Christoph Zorich, Roland Bammer, Shalini A. Amukotuwa
39 Arterial Spin Labeling Acquisition Protocols
Youngkyoo Jung, Joseph A. Maldjian, Christopher T. Whitlow, Greg Zaharchuk, Shalini A. Amukotuwa, Jeroen HendrikseSection 2: Cerebrovascular Diseases
40 Cerebrovascular Anatomy and Regional Blood Supply
Robert Vollmann, Josef Simbrunner, Michael Augustin
41 Normal and Abnormal Physiology of Cerebral Blood Flow
Andrew Bivard, Mark Parsons
42 Acute Stroke: Intra-Arterial and Intravenous Treatment Options
Tudor Jovin, Michael P. Marks, Roland Bammer
43 Perfusion Profiles for Favorable and Unfavorable Outcomes
Maarten G. Lansberg, Nishant K. Mishra, Soren Christensen, Bruce C. V. Campbell
44 Collateral Flow, Luxury Perfusion, and Vasospasm: Clinical Applications and Theoretical Principles
Mateo Calderon-Arnulphi, Peter D. Schellinger, David S. Liebeskind
45 The Role of Multimodal Brain Imaging in Clinical Stroke Trials
Bruce C. V. Campbell, Geoffrey A. Donnan, Stephen M. Davis
46 Lacunar Stroke and Microangiopathy
Brian D. Zipser, Bhavya Rehani, Pamela W. Schaefer
47 Perfusion and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Imaging in Hemorrhage
Didem Aksoy, Andrea Kassner, Jason Hom, Karen Hirsch, Christine Wijman, Chitra Venkatasubramanian
48 Perfusion Imaging in Chronic Occlusive Disease of Intracranial Vessels and Vascular Reserve Testing
Jeroen Hendrikse, Greg Zaharchuk
49 Perfusion in Chronic Carotid Artery Disease
Nolan S. Hartkamp, Jeroen Hendrikse, Reinoud P. H. Bokkers
50 Transient Ischemic Attack and Perfusion Imaging
Shyam Prabhakaran, Jonathan Kleinman, Greg Zaharchuk, Jean-Marc Olivot
51 Arterial Spin Labeling in Arteriovenous Malformations
Ronald L. Wolf, Jeffrey M. Pollock
52 Perfusion in Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas
Shalini A. Amukotuwa, Roland Bammer
53 Migraine and Seizures
Hongwu Zeng, Christian La, Veena A. Nair, Vivek Prabhakaran, Howard A. Rowley
54 Pediatric Stroke and Congenital Disease
Seena Dehkharghani, Nilesh K. DesaiSection 3: Tumors
55 Tumor Vasculature: Structure and Function
Janice A. Nagy, Amjad Husain, Shou-Ching Jaminet, Ann M. Dvorak, Harold F. Dvorak
56 Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) and World Health Organization (WHO) Criteria for Cancer Progression
Syed Mahmood, Saleha Sajid
57 De Novo Brain Tumor Evaluation: Use of Individual and Combined DSC, DCE, and ASL for Diagnosis and Differentiation
Jalal B. Andre, Pia C. Sundgren, Mark S. Shiroishi, Meng Law
58 Predicting Prognosis, Therapy Selection, Guidance, and Treatment Monitoring
Mark S. Shiroishi, Jesse G. A. Jones, Jalal B. Andre, Marco Essig, Pia C. Sundgren, Paul E. Kim, Meng Law
59 Contrast Enhancement: Differentiating Tumor Recurrence from Non-neoplastic Tissue Following Intervention
(Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy)
Jalal B. Andre, James Fink, Mark S. Shiroishi, Pia C. Sundgren, Sarah Foster, Alexander Lerner, Michael T. Booker
60 Perfusion Imaging Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography in Head and Neck Cancer
Gaurang Shah, Zoran Rumboldt, Yonggang Lu, Amita Shukla-Dave, Harish Poptani, Suresh Mukherji
61 Female Pelvis
Tristan Barrett, Andrew B. Gill, Evis Sala
62 Lung Cancer
Vicky Goh, Peter Hoskin
63 Breast Cancer
Bruce L. Daniel
64 Prostate Cancer
Olivier Rouvière, Peter L. Choyke, Baris Turkbey, Henkjan Huisman
65 Perfusion Imaging in Liver and Pancreas
Se Hyung Kim, Dow-Mu Koh, Jürgen K. Willmann
66 Renal Tumors
Mark A. Rosen, Stephen M. Keefe, Priti Lal, William M. F. Lee
67 Gastrointestinal Imaging
Nyree Griffin, Lee Grant, Vicky Goh
68 Clinical Applications of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Musculoskeletal Tumors
June S. Taylor, Wilburn E. Reddick, Robert J. Canter
69 Oncology Drug Development
Edward Ashton, Philip F. Murphy, James O’Connor
70 Myocardial Perfusion and Permeability
Michael Jerosch-Herold, Krishna Nayak, Tim Leiner, Rozemarijn Vliegenthart, Sven PleinSection 4: Miscellaneous
71 Dementia and Degenerative Diseases
Norbert Schuff
72 Perfusion in Pharmacologic Imaging
Fernando O. Zelaya, María A. Fernández-Seara, Kevin Black, Steven C.R. Williams, Mitul A. Mehta
73 Perfusion and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Imaging in White Matter Disease
Matilde Inglese, Jens Würfel, Glyn Johnson
74 Cerebral Perfusion Studies in Substance Abuse and Dependence
Linda Chang, Santosh Yadav, Thomas Ernst
75 Perfusion and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Imaging to Study Renal Function
Richard A. Jones, Shreyas Vasanawala, Damien Grattan-Smith
76 Arterial Spin Labeling for Functional Neuroimaging
Thomas T. Liu
77 Vascular Response to Hypoxia and Hypercapnia
Daniel P. Bulte, Molly G. Bright, Franklyn A. Howe, Douglas R. Corfield
78 Retinal and Choroidal Blood Flow
Timothy Q. Duong, Eric R. Muir
79 Vascular-Space-Occupancy Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Jun Hua, Ying Cheng, Peter C.M. van ZijlSection 5: History
80 Computed Tomography Perfusion Imaging:How Did It All Start?
Leon Axel
81 The History of Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Imaging: An Interview with Roland Bammer
Bruce R. Rosen
82 The Early History of Arterial Spin Labeling Magnetic Resonance Imaging: 1992 to 2000
John A. Detre
83 The Early Days of Modeling Contrast Agent Kinetics
Paul S. Tofts